基于时序区分子图的阿尔茨海默症辅助诊断方法

为解决现有区分子图方法在解决阿尔茨海默症辅助诊断上忽略脑网络动态连接变化的问题,提出一种基于时序区分子图的辅助诊断方法.将功能磁共振成像经过处理后形成二值矩阵并使同一测试者的多张动态脑网络形成时序差异图,之后进行频繁差异子图挖掘、频繁差异序列挖掘,进而筛选出保留脑网络时序特性的生物标记物——时序区分子图.获取ADNI公开数据集的一组数据进行实验,通过与现有的早期阿尔茨海默症辅助诊断方法进行大量的实验对比,证明本文方法的辅助诊断准确率在该数据集上提高了12.7%,进而证明所提方法的有效性.     

论营养与智力开发的相关性

本文根据大脑营养学研究近况,论证了营养与智力开发的相关性,并分析了10种营养物质与脑的生理机能的关系.     

Occurrence of retinal and 3-hydroxyretinal in a possible photoreceptor of the silkworm brain involved in photoperiodism

Summary Deficiency of dietary carotenoid and vitamin A caused an absence of photoperiodic response of diapause induction in the silkworm,Bombyx mori, and an addition of vitamin A to the diet restored the response. By high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) a possible photoperiodic receptor of the silkworm brain was found to contain both retinal and 3-hydroxyretinal which are chromophores of insect visual pigments. These pieces of evidence suggest that a retinoid protein might function in the photoperiodic response of the silkworm.     

The possible role of glutamine in some cells of the immune system and the possible consequence for the whole animal

Glutamine is important for the function of lymphocytes and macrophages. A role for the high rate of glutamine utilisation by these cells is presented. Since muscle syntheses, stores and releases glutamine, this tissue may play a role in the immune response. Since the number of immune cells utilising glutamine may be large, the demand for glutamine from muscle, especially during trauma sepsis or burns, may be very high. A speculative suggestion is put forward that this requirement for glutamine from muscle may play a role in cachexia under some of these conditions.     

Serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations in individual hypothalamic nuclei and other brain areas of rat

Summary Serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were measured in individual nuclei of rat hypothalamus and other brain areas using HPLC with electrochemical detection. 5-HIAA levels were first demonstrated in hypothalamic and some discrete brain areas. The 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio was highest in the n. caudatus putamen, high in the n. ventromedialis and lowest in the n. suprachiasmaticus.     

A relevant in vitro rat model for the evaluation of blood-brain barrier translocation of nanoparticles

Poly(MePEG₂₀₀₀cyanoacrylate-co-hexadecylcyanoacrylate) (PEG-PHDCA) nanoparticles have demonstrated their capacity to reach the rat central nervous system after intravenous injection. For insight into the transport of colloidal systems across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), we developed a relevant in vitro rat BBB model consisting of a coculture of rat brain endothelial cells (RBECs) and rat astrocytes. The RBECs used in our model displayed and retained structural characteristics of brain endothelial cells, such as expression of P-glycoprotein, occludin and ZO-1, and immunofluorescence studies showed the specific localization of occludin and ZO1. The high values of transendothelial electrical resistance and low permeability coefficients of marker molecules demonstrated the functionality of this model. The comparative passage of polyhexadecylcyanoacrylate and PEG-PHDCA nanoparticles through this model was investigated, showing a higher passage of PEGylated nanoparticles, presumably by endocytosis. This result was confirmed by confocal microscopy. Thanks to a good in vitro/in vivo correlation, this rat BBB model will help in understanding the mechanisms of nanoparticle translocation and in designing new types of colloidal carriers as brain delivery systems.Received 4 March 2005; accepted 14 April 2005     

Copper and zinc dismetabolism in the mouse brain upon chronic cuprizone treatment

Recent reports describe successful treatment using copper chelation therapy in neurodegenerative animal models. However, the success claimed for chelation therapy in neurodegenerative diseases is still rather controversial. To acquire new information on copper metabolism/homeostasis, we utilized cuprizone, a very sensitive and selective copper-chelating agent with well-known neurotoxic properties, as a relevant chemical model in mice. Upon cuprizone treatment, mice developed a pronounced astrocytosis, with brain oedema and spongiosis characterised by vacuolisations of the neuropil predominantly in the white matter. In addition, cuprizone treatment severely altered copper and zinc homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS) as well as in all other tissues examined, with increasing metal ion concentrations particularly in the CNS. Concomitant with this increase in the Cu and Zn concentration in the brain, metallothionein-I and -II were also highly immunoreactive in astrocyte, consistent with the astrocytosis and demyelination observed in our and other laboratories.Received 23 February 2005; received after revision 3 May 2005; accepted 13 May 2005     

关于形成创新方案的模式探讨

提出了在组织内部形成创新方案的模式,即组织要在内部组建创新团队,并为团队提供“安全空间”和“新空间”,使创新团队能够从技术、个人、组织等3个角度,研究并提出创新方案,然后,综合基于3个角度创新方案的优点,形成综合最佳方案。     

一种新的脑白质分割方法

基于扩散张量成像提出一种新的脑白质分割方法.首先,计算扩散张量成像的各向异性参数和扩散参数,并得到各个参数下的脑部图像;然后,通过期望值最大化(expectation maximization,EM)模型求得各个各向异性参数图像的脑白质和非脑白质区域;最后,通过STAPLE(simultaneous truth and performancel evel estimation)模型融合各个DTI参数图像分割结果,得到脑白质分割结果.实验结果表明,该方法具有较好的分割效果,能有效地从脑组织中分割出脑白质.