科学发展观与学校体育思想考评

进入21世纪以来,中国学校体育在实践中遇到一系列难以回避的问题,科学发展观科学地回答了当前和今后中国学校体育发展所面临的问题和任务,深刻理解和掌握这一思想,进而实现学校体育现代化的发展.     

南京高校动态科研效率的实证分析

运用数据包络分析法(DEA)和Malmquist生产率指数对“十一五”期间南京市12所高校的科研效率进行实证分析,研究结果发现,南京高校的科研效率总体较高且呈现增长的趋势,其增长主要归因于技术进步,但也存在部分高校存在资源浪费和冗余现象,最后,提出进一步提高高校科研效率的对策建议.     

论科学发展观的人权意义

运用人权理论考察了科学发展观与我国人权之间的关系,提出并从人权的性质、主体、内容、特点、核心、实现条件、途径、过程及其发展趋势等方面阐述了科学发展观对于实现和发展我国人权的意义。     

盐井与卤龙王:诺邓盐井的技术知识与民间信仰

定点研究的云南省云龙县诺邓村盐井生产已经传承了1200多年,作者通过田野调查与文献研究,对诺邓盐井的技术知识及其相关的民间信仰进行了描述,认为诺邓"井地"关于盐井的技术知识、盐井生产仪式和卤龙王的信仰组成了当地的完整的民间知识体系,这个知识体系是不可分割的.在井盐生产实践中,交织着卤龙王和水龙王等信仰层面的东西;信仰和仪式中又积淀了长期生产实践中的科学知识.     

现代新型研发组织的培育与发展对策研究

"十三五"到来之际,福建省应把培育和发展一批现代新型研发机构作为构建特色鲜明的区域创新体系建设的重要任务,完善法律法规,加大资金投入,加大知识产权保护力度,注重市场导向,加大科技交流与合作力度,充分发挥现代新型研发组织在建设创新型省份中的支撑和引领作用。     

Collaborative explanation,explanatory roles,and scientific explaining in practice

Scientific explanation is a perennial topic in philosophy of science, but the literature has fragmented into specialized discussions in different scientific disciplines. An increasing attention to scientific practice by philosophers is (in part) responsible for this fragmentation and has put pressure on criteria of adequacy for philosophical accounts of explanation, usually demanding some form of pluralism. This commentary examines the arguments offered by Fagan and Woody with respect to explanation and understanding in scientific practice. I begin by scrutinizing Fagan's concept of collaborative explanation, highlighting its distinctive advantages and expressing concern about several of its assumptions. Then I analyze Woody's attempt to reorient discussions of scientific explanation around functional considerations, elaborating on the wider implications of this methodological recommendation. I conclude with reflections on synergies and tensions that emerge when the two papers are juxtaposed and how these draw attention to critical issues that confront ongoing philosophical analyses of scientific explanation.     

Scientific patronage in the age of Darwin: The curious case of William Boyd Dawkins

This essay examines the curious relationship between Charles Darwin and the palaeontologist William Boyd Dawkins (1837–1929). Dawkins was a beneficiary of Darwin's patronage and styled himself as a Darwinian to Darwin and the public, yet viciously attacked Darwin and his theory in anonymous reviews. This has confused historians who have misunderstood the exact nature of Dawkins's attitude towards evolution and his relationship to Darwin. The present study explains both the reasons for Dawkins's contradictory statements and his relationship with Darwin. I introduce Batesian mimicry as a conceptual framework to make sense of Dawkins's actions, suggesting that Dawkins mimicked a Darwinian persona in order to secure advancement in the world of Victorian science. Dawkins's pro-Darwinian stance, therefore, was a façade, an act of mimicry. I argue that Dawkins exploited Darwin for his patronage – which took the form of advice, support from Darwin's well-placed friends, and monetary assistance – while safely expressing his dissent from Darwinian orthodoxy in the form of anonymous reviews. This is, therefore, a case study in how scientific authority and power could be gained and maintained in Victorian science by professing allegiance to Darwin and Darwinism.     

Collaborative explanation and biological mechanisms

This paper motivates and outlines a new account of scientific explanation, which I term ‘collaborative explanation.’ My approach is pluralist: I do not claim that all scientific explanations are collaborative, but only that some important scientific explanations are—notably those of complex organic processes like development. Collaborative explanation is closely related to what philosophers of biology term ‘mechanistic explanation’ (e.g., Machamer et al., Craver, 2007). I begin with minimal conditions for mechanisms: complexity, causality, and multilevel structure. Different accounts of mechanistic explanation interpret and prioritize these conditions in different ways. This framework reveals two distinct varieties of mechanistic explanation: causal and constitutive. The two have heretofore been conflated, with philosophical discussion focusing on the former. This paper addresses the imbalance, using a case study of modeling practices in Systems Biology to reveals key features of constitutive mechanistic explanation. I then propose an analysis of this variety of mechanistic explanation, in terms of collaborative concepts, and sketch the outlines of a general theory of collaborative explanation. I conclude with some reflections on the connection between this variety of explanation and social aspects of scientific practice.     

西部新建本科院校青年外语教师科研能力培养探究--基于广西某新建本科高校科研现状的个案调查

西部新建本科院校青年外语教师的科研能力相对薄弱,应结合学校实际情况加以培养和提高。青年外语教师应树立科研目标,完善知识结构;高校应做好科研定位,以教学带动科研,开展学术交流,加强科研培训,搭建人文社科网络学术交流平台,实行科研导师制,并健全科研激励机制和文科科研评价体系。     

从现象学看现当代西方文论科学神话的破灭

现当代西方文论对于科学性的普遍意义格外迷恋。现象学运动的兴起便反映了这种对科学性的推崇。胡塞尔以现象学还原得出先验主体为这种科学神话确立基础,现象学文论则以再现作者意识深层结构达到批评的完全中立来响应这一科学神话。海德格尔、萨特、庞蒂、利科却分别从时间性、存在主义、主体间性、诠释学等方面消除了先验主体的地位。德里达则解构了现象学的客观科学性根基。现象学文论所迷恋的普遍意义这一科学神话也就破灭了。