史诗《玛纳斯》的习俗文化与民族认同

作为柯尔克孜人重要的文化符号,《玛纳斯》反映了柯尔克孜人社会生活的历史画卷,史诗中的英雄自古便受到柯尔克孜族的敬仰和膜拜。史诗真正始于玛纳斯的横空出世,围绕英雄的横空出世——这个开天辟地的大事, 整个民族古老的历史文化生活长卷徐徐展开和呈现出来, 英雄的出世和他戎马倥偬的一生, 实际上反映着一个民族古老的文化,而民族文化尤其是社会生活习俗为中心的精神文化被本民族全体成员体认、内化、弘扬、升华的过程就是民族认同的过程。社会习俗文化为民族认同提供文化基础和情感纽带,社会习俗文化与民族认同是相互影响、相互作用的关系。     

Can the behavioral sciences self-correct? A social epistemic study

Advocates of the self-corrective thesis argue that scientific method will refute false theories and find closer approximations to the truth in the long run. I discuss a contemporary interpretation of this thesis in terms of frequentist statistics in the context of the behavioral sciences. First, I identify experimental replications and systematic aggregation of evidence (meta-analysis) as the self-corrective mechanism. Then, I present a computer simulation study of scientific communities that implement this mechanism to argue that frequentist statistics may converge upon a correct estimate or not depending on the social structure of the community that uses it. Based on this study, I argue that methodological explanations of the “replicability crisis” in psychology are limited and propose an alternative explanation in terms of biases. Finally, I conclude suggesting that scientific self-correction should be understood as an interaction effect between inference methods and social structures.     

萨都剌研究综述(1949-2015)

萨都剌是中国古代少数民族文学家的杰出代表,公认的元诗大家。从“文献”“文本”“文化”三个维度对萨都剌研究史进行了梳理。萨都剌作品研究、文化研究方面都取得了可喜的成绩,萨都剌生平、族属、文本归属情况依旧存在争议,尚期待新文献的发现与习见文献辨伪、辩误的深入。未来,可以深入探讨萨都剌的文学成就对于整部“中华文学史”的贡献,并且期待能够运用多学科、跨学科的视角与方法对这位色目才子进行全面的解读。     

Inconsistent idealizations and inferentialism about scientific representation

Inferentialists about scientific representation hold that an apparatus's representing a target system consists in the apparatus allowing “surrogative inferences” about the target. I argue that a serious problem for inferentialism arises from the fact that many scientific theories and models contain internal inconsistencies. Inferentialism, left unamended, implies that inconsistent scientific models have unlimited representational power, since an inconsistency permits any conclusion to be inferred. I consider a number of ways that inferentialists can respond to this challenge before suggesting my own solution. I develop an analogy to exploitable glitches in a game. Even though inconsistent representational apparatuses may in some sense allow for contradictions to be generated within them, doing so violates the intended function of the apparatus's parts and hence violates representational “gameplay”.     

文献史料：“为何”以及“如何”进入当代文学史

学界以往对文献史料之于当代文学研究意义的重要性认识不足．一定程度上可以归固于对当代文学史研究作为断代史和专门史的属性有所忽略．对当代文学史叙述的任务和目标比较模糊．以及对当代文学的特赇性缺乏足够的自觉。在文献史料的运用上，既有囿于研究者的史学意识和史料视野，大量新发掘的文献史料没有进入文学史，导致一些流行的偏见仍是文学史上难以撼动的“钉子户”；也有在写作上未能将文献史料与作家的文学行为分析、优美作品的深度阐释、文学史价值的重构与发现有机地加以融合的问题。以作家的“文学行为实存分析”为中心,结合政治、制度、文化的考察．融合事件、思潮、作家、作品．叙述出文体演化史、思潮流变史、审美风尚史以及作家作品史齐头并进、杂糅无间的当代文学发生发展的生动和流动的景象,应是文学史叙述追求的一种新的境界。     

Narrative constructs in modern clinical case reporting

Modern clinical case reporting takes the form of problem-solution narratives that redescribe symptoms in terms of disease categories. Authored almost always by those who have played a part in the medical assessment of the patient, reports historicise the salient details of an individual's illness as a complex effect of identifiable antecedent causes. Candidate hypotheses linking illness to pathological mechanisms are suggested by the patient’s experience, and by data that emerge from clinical examination and investigation. Observational and interpretive statements from these considerations are fitted into a temporally inflected account of the patient’s medical condition, configured from the vantage point of hindsight. Drawing on established forms of deferred telling, readers are invited to follow a story that drip-feeds a mixture of contingent and non-incidental information into the account, which engenders and frustrates curiosity, creates expectations, and challenges powers of reasoning and pattern recognition. Whereas case reporting once favoured memoir, the sentimental tale and eccentric biography as the means by which its historical narrative was cast, the preferred genres of contemporary case reporting include detective fiction, and puzzle and riddle narratives, formats that conceptualise the medical consultation in narrow problem-solution terms.     

我国文化金融政策的发展历程回顾

以国家的五年计划为逻辑连接点,回顾了我国文化金融政策的发展历程,揭示了我国文化产业和金融产业政策互为环境的形成轨迹。     

Silent performances: Are “repertoires” really post-Kuhnian?

Ankeny and Leonelli (2016) propose “repertoires” as a new way to understand the stability of certain research programs as well as scientific change in general. By bringing a more complete range of social, material, and epistemic elements into one framework, they position their work as a correction to the Kuhnian impulse in philosophy of science and other areas of science studies. I argue that this “post-Kuhnian” move is not complete, and that repertoires maintain an internalist perspective. Comparison with an alternative framework, the “sociotechnical imaginaries” of Jasanoff and Kim (2015), illustrates precisely which elements of practice are externalized by Ankeny and Leonelli. Specifically, repertoires discount the role of audience, without whom the repertoires of science are unintelligible, and lack an explicit place for ethical and political imagination, which provide meaning for otherwise mechanical promotion of particular research programs. This comparison reveals, I suggest, two distinct modes of scholarship, one internalist and the other critical. While repertoires can be modified to meet the needs of critical STS scholars and to completely reject Kuhn's internalism, whether or not we do so depends on what we want our scholarship to achieve.     

论高校历史教学中学生自主学习能力的培养

从历史教学的课堂教学、课外阅读、田野考察等几个方面培养学生自主学习能力，将对行为的理解与对社会结构的动态把握恰当地结合起来，以实现对学生独立研究能力的培养。