渤海湾丝状海洋真菌抑菌活性菌株的调查研究

为了调查渤海湾丝状海洋真菌中具有抑菌活性菌株的分布情况,以从渤海湾不同站住分离获得的55株海洋丝状真菌为出发菌株,借助抑菌圈法和牛津杯法分别对菌块和发酵液进行抑菌活性检测.结果表明：有80.0％的菌株显示出抑菌活性,其中对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌有抑菌作用的菌株分别为5株、27株和38株,对3种菌均有抑菌作用的有2株.活性菌株站住分布差异较大,垂直分布以中层水（10m等深线）的活性菌株频数最高,达到该水层被检测到的菌株数量的93％.     

退化秋茄林的补水修复实验研究

以陆化导致的退化秋茄林为研究对象, 通过周期性补水实验, 从沉积物的理化性质和植物生理指标的变化, 探明补水对秋茄成林的修复效果。主要结果如下: 1) 补水后沉积物的含水量、pH、盐度、总氮和有机质含量总体上高于对照组, 补水改善了沉积物的营养和盐度条件; 2) 补水修复显著提高植物的净光合速率、水分利用效率和叶绿素a 含量(P<0.05), 降低胞间CO₂浓度, 有效地改善退化秋茄林的光合作用状态, 增强秋茄叶片吸收和转化光能的能力; 3) 对照组植物光系统Ⅱ(PS Ⅱ)最大荧光效率(F_v/F_m)显著低于0.8 (常用阈值),说明陆域化的秋茄林已处于光抑制状态; 但补水后F_v/F_m显著提高(P<0.01), 接近0.8, 说明植物健康状态得到显著改善; 4) 补水提高秋茄叶片PS Ⅱ反应中心的光化学效率, 显著改善双光系统间激发能分配的失衡状态, 有效降低天线色素热耗散, 光能分配趋于高效, 提高了叶片光能的光化学利用效率。研究结果表明, 周期性补水是陆域化的退化红树林生境改善的有效修复方法。     

辽东湾北部东营组同沉积断裂对沉积充填控制

为了探讨东二早期同沉积断裂对沉积充填的控制作用,利用辽东湾拗陷北部区域的岩芯分析数据、钻井、测井及地震资料,对东二下亚段层序划分、同沉积断裂活动性变化及其对轴向曲流河三角洲湖底扇沉积充填演化的控制作用进行了分析。研究结果表明,东二下亚段为一个三级层序,根据最大泛湖面可在内部划分为低位+水进体系域和高位体系域。低位+水进体系域,曲流河三角洲发育在同沉积断裂活动引起的高沉降速率阶段,断裂两侧地层厚度差异大,滑塌形成的浊积在地震上表现为强振幅、低频、高连续性特征,根据钻测井标定,测井曲线呈中高幅度齿状为主,岩性以粉砂岩和泥岩为主,没有明显的沉积构造。而高位域曲流河三角洲形成于同沉积断裂活动所造成的低沉降速率阶段,断裂两侧地层厚度差异小,滑塌形成的浊积在地震上表现中弱振幅蠕虫状杂乱反射特征,测井曲线呈中低幅度钟形或者漏斗形为主,岩性以中粗砂岩为主,局部含砾,沉积构造以软沉积变形构造为主。     

Twenty-five years of change in scleractinian coral communities of Daya Bay （northern South China Sea） and its response to the 2008 AD extreme cold climate event

Coral reefs worldwide are becoming increasingly and detrimentally impacted upon by a variety of factors including significant climate changes, such as global warming and increased El Nino-Southern Oscillation activity. Generally, the persistence of coral reefs, especially at low-latitudes, is governed, in part, by sea surface temperatures not exceeding the critical limit （-30℃） at which mass mortality can occur. Thus, it is thought that corals living at high-latitudes （i.e., currently cooler sea surface temperatures） will likely respond more favourably to hypothesized future temperature increases than corals living at low-latitudes （i.e., currently warmer sea surface temperatures）. Consequently, high-latitude coral communities may have the potential to act as regions of refugia for many coral species in the face of potential future global warming. The Daya Bay （22°31′--22°50′N）, northern South China Sea, contains several high-latitude non-reefal coral communities and represents one of the most northerly distributions of scleractinian corals within the region. Significantly, Daya Bay has experienced dramatic warming in both air and sea surface temperatures throughout the past 50 years. In this paper, we analyze 25 years of change in the Daya Bay coral communities, based both on historic surveys and our latest 2006--2008 regional ecological surveys. Our results suggest that, contrary to predictions, there have been significant declines in coral cover within the Daya Bay during the past 25 years （i.e., 76.6% coral cover in 1983/1984 to only 15.3% coral cover by 2008）. Such changes also reflect a significant shift in the most abundant coral species, from Acropora pruinosa to Favites abdita. Most of the modern coral communities became established between 15 and 30 years ago, corresponding to a period of increased winter sea surface temperature. However, very few colonies have become established within the last 15 years, despite a more intense period of warming. By taking into account additional factors, we hypothesize that direct anthropogenic impacts, rather than climatic events, have both restricted the development, and drove the decline, of Daya Bay coral communities in the last 15 years. The Daya Bay has also been subjected to occasional extreme cold events during the past 50 years, with the most recent occurring in early 2008 （13 January-13 February）. During the 2008 cold event, the lowest air temperature reaches only 6.6℃, and the mean sea surface temperature for February fall to 〈 14℃, including six continuous days at 12.3℃. Significantly, the sea surface temperatures fall below the hypothesized critical lower temperature threshold （-13℃） that commonly leads to mass mortality in scleractinian coral communities. Surprisingly, our coral community surveys, conducted both before （August 2007） and after （late February 2008） the extreme 2008 cold event, demonstrate that the Daya Bay coral ecosystems are barely impacted upon during the cold period. Those observations suggest that the Daya Bay scleractinian coral communities have developed adaptations to low sea surface temperatures. Overall, our data support the hypothesis that high-latitude coral communities, such as Daya Bay, have the potential to act as areas of refugia for scleractinian corals in the advent of potential future global warming.     

海州湾海域三维潮流数值模拟

基于三维河口、陆架、海洋模型(ECOM3D),引入干湿网格法变动边界处理技术,建立三维动边界潮流数值模型.将该模型用于海州湾近岸海域三维潮流场模拟,结果表明,模型计算结果与实测值吻合良好,较好地模拟出此海域M2分潮的潮流场时空分布特点:大部分海域流速在40~65 cm/s之间,垂直流速量级为10-4m/s,最大垂直流速为5.2×10-4m/s.     

东营凹陷古近系储层超压成因及其成藏意义

利用实测地层压力资料,系统研究了东营凹陷古近系碎屑岩储层超压成因及其与油气成藏的关系,并总结了超压油气藏的分布模式。超压传递（包括超压接触传递和超压连通传递）、欠压实、原油裂解是东营凹陷古近系碎屑岩储层超压的主要成因机制。超压接触传递能够使与烃源岩接触的储层形成强超压高产油气藏,该类油气藏主要分布在北部陡坡带、中央隆起带周缘以及洼陷中央的沙三、沙四段和孔店组;超压连通传递使深层超压流体进入浅层,形成中超压高产油气藏,该类油气藏集中分布在中央隆起带的沙一、沙二段和南部缓坡带的沙三、沙四段;欠压实发生在沙四段、孔店组的膏盐岩层段,不利于油气成藏;原油裂解发生在埋深超过4000m的地层,与油气成藏没有必然的联系。     

大亚湾核电站概率风险分析

大亚湾核电站的概率风险分析（ＰＲＡ）项目于１９９８年１２月通过了国际原子能机构（ＩＡＥＡ）的同行评审,ＩＡＥＡ专家对大亚湾核电站的ＰＲＡ给予了充分的肯定,认为大亚湾核电站在ＰＲＡ领域已建立了良好的基础,本文介绍了大亚湾核电站最新的一级概率风险分析结果．     

深圳湾潮间带底栖动物群落结构的等级聚类与非度量多维标度排序

应用等级聚类与非线性多维标度排序两种多变量统计分析方法研究了深圳湾潮间带底栖动物群落结构的时空变化,结果表明：1）底栖动物群在深圳福田A断面上与香港米博RB和ET断面上有较明显的差异,在A断面高潮区与中、低潮区也有较明显的空间差异。2）RB和ET断面底栖动物群落有明显的季节变化,温度、盐工和潮汐是影响群落结构变化的主要因子。     

粤港澳大湾区城乡建设空间扩张与自然灾害相互影响

当前,极端天气事件的频繁发生与城乡建设的快速扩张导致人地灾矛盾加剧,因此,研究城乡建设空间与自然灾害之间的关系就尤为重要。本文以粤港澳大湾区范围内的城乡建设空间及自然灾害为研究对象,通过比较研究法、综合归纳法等方法,探究粤港澳大湾区城乡建设空间扩张与自然灾害的相互影响。研究表明：（1）城乡建设空间扩张与自然灾害关系密切,且是双向影响关系;（2）城乡建设空间扩张与灾害演变相关性大小存在区域差异,灾害易发区与城市建设密集区的重合,两者关系更为密切;（3）地质灾害、暴雨洪涝灾害的演变与城乡建设空间扩张相互影响程度大;（4）城乡建设空间扩张加剧灾害发生的可能性和危险性;（5）自然灾害的存在限制城乡建设空间扩张的发展方向,增大了城市开发的成本,易发生灾害的区域需要避免进行高强度建设和重要设施布局。     

基于钦州湾验潮站2008-2020年潮位序列的潮汐特征研究

潮汐是钦州湾的主要海洋动力,对物质输运、海洋工程、海洋生态环境等都有重要影响。本研究基于钦州湾验潮站2008-2020年共13年的水位观测资料,利用潮汐调和分析、偏度计算和线性回归等方法,分析钦州湾长时间的潮汐变化、潮不对称性特征及海平面变化趋势。结果表明,钦州湾验潮站潮汐以O₁、K₁分潮占优,属于规则全日潮。主要分潮振幅有显著的年际变化,2008年为最小值,O₁为95.82 cm, K₁为88.18 cm, M₂为39.53 cm; 2016年达到最大值,O₁为104.27 cm, K₁为95.15 cm, M₂为46.16 cm,这一变化与月赤纬角的变化有关。钦州湾潮不对称现象显著,涨潮历时比落潮历时多2-3 h,造成该现象的主要原因是受到半日分潮和全日分潮之间相互作用的影响,其中主要贡献来源于O₁、K₁、M₂之间的相互作用,占总潮汐偏度的80...