Geochemical characteristics and applications of 18a (H)-neohopanes and 17a (H)-diahopanes

Distributions and geochemical significances of 18α(H)-neohopanes and of 17α(H)-diahopanes in oils from west Xialiaohe depression of the Bohai Bay Basin have been studied. Relative abundance of 18α(H)-neohopanes and of 17α(H)-diahopanes can be effectively used as maturity parameters, in a range of medium-high mature stage, based on consideration on sedimentary-organic facies of source rocks. With a dual geochemical significance of maturity and sedimentary-organic facies, neohopane and diahopane parameters can be well used in oil-source correlation and in petroleum population division. Formation, primary concentration and preservation of precursors of rearranged hopanes are closely related to depositional conditions such as Eh-pH and clays content. A series of probable diahopanes (series D) was detected in the oils, which exhibits a similar distribution pattern and geochemical behavior as that of 17α(H)-diahopanes (series B).     

微波辐射合成7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素

以浓硫酸为催化剂，采用微波辐射技术，由间苯二酚与乙酰乙酸乙酯缩合制备7－羟基－4－4甲基香豆素。结果表明，微波辐射合成7－羟基－4－4甲基香豆素的最以应条件为：间苯二酚5.5g，乙酰乙酸乙酯6.8ml，浓硫酸1.5ml，微波功率240W，微波辐射时间6min，产率84．1％，不采用微波辐射，反应时间大于10h，产率78％，红外光谱分析表明，7－羟基－4－4甲基香豆素的特征峰与7－羟基－4－甲基香豆素的各官能团的吸收峰吻合，测定7－羟基－4－甲基香豆素的熔点为189－192℃。     

西松烯内酯的合成研究Ⅲ．苏式－7，14－二羟基－3，9，13－三甲基－6－异丙烯基－（2E，8E，12E）－十四碳三烯苯硫醚的合成

本文报道苏式－７，１４－二羟基－３，９，１３－三甲基－６－异丙烯基－（２Ｅ，８Ｅ，１２Ｅ）－十四碳三烯苯硫醚（８）的２条合成路线，路线１以溴化物（３）和牛儿醛为原料，经缩合，基团保护、氧化和去保护基四步反应合成（８），总产率２４％，路线２则经氧化和缩合两步反应得到（８），总产率４８％。     

Antiproliferative effects of 4′, 5′-unsaturated adenine nucleosides on leukemia L 1210 cells in vitro

Summary Several 4, 5-unsaturated adenine nucleosides were shown to have antiproliferative activity against L 1210 leukemia cells in vitro. The active nucleosides were cytotoxic to the L 1210 cells as demonstrated by Trypan Blue uptake. The cytotoxicity was not induced by alterations in the ribonucleoside and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate levels of the L 1210 cells.     

初夏南亚高压中心经向位置年际变化的一个关键预测信号

基于欧洲中期天气预报中心的ERA-interim再分析资料,应用统计和动力诊断方法,分析了初夏南亚高压（SAH）中心位置年际变化规律及其与青藏高原东南部热源异常的联系.结果显示：初夏SAH中心位置具有显著的准6 a变化特征,但仅有其经向位置与初春青藏高原东南部（SETP）大气潜热活动存在显著的负相关关系;与偏强的初春SETP潜热活动相联系,异常的西风出现在青藏高原的南侧20°N附近,偏西风异常北侧的正涡度异常及其南侧的负涡度异常,加强了青藏高原附近的异常气旋以及印度次大陆半岛及印度洋上空的异常反气旋,这一异常环流形势可以从初春一直维持到初夏,不利于SAH向北移动,最终导致初夏SAH中心位置偏南;反之,初春SETP异常偏弱的潜热活动将以大致相反的物理过程,最终使得初夏SAH中心位置偏北.冬末春初的SETP潜热活动是预报初夏SAH中心经向位置年际变化的一个关键信号.     

复杂交通环境下二轮机动车乘员头盔检测算法

针对现有二轮机动车乘员头盔检测算法在目标密集分布、随机遮挡等情况下效果较差且难以在边缘设备上应用的问题,制作了具有针对性的数据集,对比现有模型后,以YOLOv7为参考提出一种复杂交通环境下二轮机动车乘员头盔检测算法.首先,采用EfficientNet-B3作为主干网络,可提高特征提取能力且更为轻量化;其次,将增大感受野模块(RFB)引入特征融合结构中,以增大模型感受野,提升小目标头盔检测能力;最后,在检测头嵌入SimAM机制,在不增加参数的前提下提高算法精度.结果表明：相较于YOLOv7,文中算法的准确率、召回率和平均准确率分别提高了2.84%,2.26%和3.26%,参数量和运算量分别为YOLOv7的33.1%,23.5%,可实现当前主流模型算法的最佳检测性能和效率;在NVIDIA Jetson Nano开发板上的处理速度达到47.58 F·s^-1,可满足边缘设备部署需求.     

Alzheimer's disease: fundamental and therapeutic aspects

Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of progressive and debilitating dementia affecting aged people. In some early — as well as late-onset familial cases, a genetic linkage with chromosomes 14, 21 (early-onset) or 19 (late-onset) has been indicated. Furthermore, a direct or indirect role has been attributed to normal or structurally altered amyloid -protein (concentrated in senile plaques) and/or excessively phosphorylated tau protein (located in neurofibrillary tangles). Degeneration of cholinergic neurons and concomitant impairment of cortical and hippocampal neurotransmission lead to cognitive and memory deficits. Several compounds are being tested in attempts to prevent and/or cure Alzheimer's disease, including tacrine, which has very modest efficacy in a sub-group of patients, and new acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Pilot experiments have also been launched using nerve growth factor (NGF) to prevent or stabilize the processes of cholinergic pathway degeneration. Alternatively, antioxidants, free radical scavengers and/or non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents may be screened as potential therapies for neurodegenerative diseases induced by multiple endogenous and/or exogenous factors. The recent use of transgenic mice, in parallel with other genetic, biochemical and neurobiological systems, in vivo and/or in vitro (cell cultures), should accelerate the discovery and development of specific drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.     

Al7和Al13团簇的原子特性

采用密度泛函理论研究Al7和Al13团簇的原子特性.分析它们的离化势、电子亲和势、得失电子的能力,与碱金属(Li,Na,K,Rb)和卤素原子(F,Cl,Br,I)之间的结合能和电荷转移等参数.Al7团簇的性质与Li原子比较类似,它可以被看作是类Li的超原子.而Al13团簇则表现出比较复杂的性质,其具有比较好的得电子能力,但氧化能力弱于典型的卤素原子,同时失去电子的能力也比较强,很容易被氧化,它的性质与卤素原子差别比较大,不能被简单地看成"超卤素原子".     

Mn_7C_3@C核壳型纳米粒子制备及其超级电容器电极特性

以甲烷作为碳源气体,块体锰作为原料,采用一种简单的直流电弧等离子体法成功制备了Mn_7C_3@C核壳型纳米粒子,用于高性能超级电容器的电极材料.所制备的Mn_7C_3@C核壳型纳米粒子平均直径为30~35nm.拉曼光谱结果显示石墨碳壳具有良好的导电性.通过循环伏安、恒电流充放电及电化学交流阻抗谱对Mn_7C_3@C核壳型纳米粒子电极材料进行电化学性能分析,结果表明其具有高比电容、快速充放电等优异的电化学性能.在扫描速率为1mV/s时,比电容最高可达185.8F/g.同时具有良好的循环稳定性,在100mV/s扫描速率下1 000次循环伏安测试后,比电容仍保持为最初的88%,与单纯Mn_7C_3(79%)相比,有明显提高.Mn_7C_3@C核壳型纳米粒子电极材料优异的电化学性能归因于其良好的核壳结构,富缺陷碳层具有良好的导电性,有助于离子的传输和结构的稳定,而内核Mn_7C_3主要产生赝电容,在C和Mn_7C_3的协同作用下产生双电层和赝电容双模式储能机制.