Carbon isotopic record of foraminifers in surface sediments from the South China Sea and its significance

Since the 1990s, the papers and data involved withthe South China Sea (SCS) have been emerging in largenumbers in the world as people pay more attention to thepaleoceanography of the SCS. There have been more than100 cores mentioned in papers containing p…     

地形和热力效应对南亚季风产生与维持的机理探讨

用动力分析和数值试验方法研究讨论了地形和热力效应与南亚季风产生和维持的动力机理,研究结果表明：不考虑地形效应的热务强迫只可能产生出热带地区的低频振荡,不易在副热带地区形成稳定的季风环流;南亚季风环流的形成和维持是南亚地形效应和热力强迫共同作用的产物。     

基于个人舒适系统杭州住宅冬季热舒适与能耗

为揭示该地区个人舒适系统(PCS)作用下的居民冬季热舒适特征和供暖能耗需求,以杭州市为对象,采用问卷调研和入户现场实测的方式得出冬季住宅开窗、遮阳、使用空调和PCS等典型热环境组合调节模式以及典型供暖模式和居民活动状态组合下的热舒适特征;在此基础上模拟得到冬季室内热舒适和供暖能耗特征。结果表明,冬季“无设备+静坐”“、空调+静坐”“、PCS+静坐”“、无设备+家务劳动”“、空调+家务劳动”、“PCS+家务劳动”等6种工况下的冬季中性温度分别是17.3、18.8、16.4、15.7、15.7、13.9℃,舒适温度区间分别是14.3～20.3℃、17.1～20.5℃、14.4～18.4℃、13.7～17.8℃、13.3～18.1℃、11.0～16.9℃。冬季室内热舒适水平受热环境调节模式影响较大,客厅在室舒适时间占比在43.74%～80.21%之间,卧室在室舒适时间占比均为70%以上。使用空调与PCS供暖时,典型建筑在冬初冬末的供暖能耗强度是1.28 kWh·m^-2,在严冬的供暖能耗强度是13.06 kWh·m^-2。     

Coral reef ecosystems in the South China Sea as a source of atmospheric CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> in summer

Field measurements of air-sea CO2 exchange in three coral reef areas of the South China Sea (i.e. the Yongshu Reef atoll of the Nansha Islands, southern South China Sea (SCS); Yongxing Island of Xisha Islands, north-central SCS; and Luhuitou Fringing Reef in Sanya of Hainan Island, northern SCS) during the summers of 2008 and 2009 revealed that both air and surface seawater partial pressures of CO2 (pCO2) showed regular diurnal cycles. Minimum values occurred in the evening and maximum values in the morning. Air pCO2 in each of the three study areas showed small diurnal variations, while large diurnal variations were ob-served in seawater pCO2. The diurnal variation amplitude of seawater pCO2 was ~70 μmol mol–1 at the Yongshu Reef lagoon, 420–619 μmol mol–1 on the Yongxing Island reef flat, and 264–579 μmol mol–1 on the reef flat of the Luhuitou Fringing Reef, and 324–492 μmol mol–1 in an adjacent area just outside of this fringing reef. With respect to spatial relations, there were large differences in air-sea CO2 flux across the South China Sea (e.g. ~0.4 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Yongshu Reef, ~4.7 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Yongxing Island, and ~9.8 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Luhuitou Fringing Reef). However, these positive values suggest that coral reef ecosystems of the SCS may be a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere. Additional analyses indicated that diurnal variations of surface seawater pCO2 in the shallow water reef flat are controlled mainly by biological metabolic processes, while those of deeper water lagoons and outer reef areas are regulated by both biological metabolism and hydrodynamic factors. Unlike the open ocean, inorganic metabolism plays a significant role in influencing seawater pCO2 variations in coral reef ecosystems.     

Evolution of the East Asian monsoon and its response to uplift of the Tibetan Plateau since 1.8 Ma recorded by major elements in sediments of the South China Sea

Evolution of the East Asian monsoon and its response to uplift of the Tibetan Plateau has been investigated in the study of global change. Core sediment samples drilled in the South China Sea during ODP Leg184 are the best materials for studying long-term variability of the East Asian monsoon. R-mode factor analysis of major elements in the fine grain-sized carbonate-free sediments (<4 μm) of the upper 185 mcd splice of ODP Site 1146 drilled during Leg184 in the South China Sea shows that Ti, TFe2O3, MgO, K2O, P, CaO, and Al2O3 are representative of a terrestrial factor. The variation in the terrestrial factor score is subject to chemical erosion in the source region and thus indicates the evolution of the East Asian summer monsoon. The terrestrial factor score has three stepwise decreases at ~1.3 Ma, ~0.9 Ma, and ~0.6 Ma, indicating the phased weakening of the East Asian summer monsoon is related to wholly stepwise, quick uplifts of the Tibetan Plateau since 1.8 Ma. The periodic fluctuation of the terrestrial factor score since ~0.6 Ma indicates that the glacial-interglacial cycles have been the main force driving the evolution of the East Asian monsoon. As in the case of Chinese loess, the long-term evolution of the East Asian monsoon recorded in sediments of the South China Sea reflects a coupled effect of the glacial-interglacial cycle and uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.     

《淮南万毕术》夏造冰之新解——兼与厚宇德先生商榷

二十多年来学术界关于《淮南万毕术》“夏造冰”问题的讨论颇具戏剧性.1983年洪震寰否定了这种可能性,十年之后李志超、赵虹君的相关研究得出了相反的结果.2004年厚宇德研究了李、赵肯定说实验方案,得到出乎意料的相反结论.本文根据原文提出一个新的技术思路,按此思路,则有可能实现“夏造冰”.实际操作中能不能达到预想的目标,还有待于实验验证.     

印度洋海面温度变异与我国西南夏季风的关系

本文根据海-气相互作用的观点,研究了1970～1977年我国西南夏季风的爆发和撤退时间与印度洋海面温度距平的关系。结果表明季风爆发和撤退的早晚,在它们的前期海面温度距平是有差异的,这种差异在一些海区表现得更加明显。这对我们了解我国夏季风的特性是有意义的。     

亚洲夏季风区大气能量谱分析

用1979年FGGE—Ⅲb资料,对亚洲及其邻域的总能量、大气显热源和水汽汇进行谱分析.结果表明:准40天振荡是亚洲夏季风区的主要特征振荡.振荡方差贡献的分布以及振荡源中心位置反映出在印度、孟加拉湾、南海和东亚大陆上空夏季风系统具有一定的独立性。长江以北地区主要受中纬度系统影响,华南沿海和云贵地区则分别受南海和孟加拉湾地区夏季风系统的影响.振荡从主要振荡源向外传播,东亚季风区振荡主要从东南向西北传播.总能量和水汽汇振荡的传播还表明,从南半球有明显的向北传播通道.这些通道与越赤道气流通道大致相对应.大气显热源的振荡则无此特征,但它对大气环流准定常状态的维持有一定的影响,孟加拉湾湾头和南海既是热源中心,亦为准双周振荡的源区.     

The terrestrial NPP simulations in China since Last Glacial Maximum

Based on Atmosphere-Vegetation Interaction Model （AVIM）, the magnitude and spatial distribution of terrestrial net primary productivity （NPP） in China is simulated during three different geological eras, Last Glacial Maximum （LGM）, Mid-Holocene （MH） and the present. The simulation shows that the glacial-interglacial variation of East Asian summer monsoon in China is the key factor affectfng the NPP change. During the three eras, mean NPPs are 208 g/m^2·a, 409 g/m^2·a, and 355 g/m^2·a. The total NPPs are 2.05 Pg/a, 3.89 Pg/a and 3.33 Pg/a, respectively. The terrestrial NPP in China during warm-humid climate is larger than that during cold-arid eras, and the correlation analysis between NPP and climate factors suggests that temperature is the primary factor affecting the terrestrial NPP during 21 kaBP （LGM）, and for 6 kaBP （MH） and the present the primary factor is precipitation.     

Pollen records and time scale for the RM core of the Zoige Basin, northeastern QinghaiTibetan Plateau

A continuous pollen record from the Zoige Basin in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau not only provides information on the vegetation and climate changes during the last two glacial/interglacial cycles, hut also gives proof to establish the time scale of the upper 60 m of the RM core. Subalpine spruce-fir forests colonized the Zoige Basin during the interglacials and interstadials, implying warm and wet climate conditions. Alpine periglacial desert or dry desert may have existed during the penultimate glacial and the last glacial maxima, respectively. Alpine sedge meadow dominated the landscape during MIS 4. The MIS 3 is punctuated by a number of stadials similar to those documented in the Guliya and GISP2 ice cores, as indicated by repeated rise and fall of subalpine spruce-fir forests. Our pollen record reveals a regional climate history similar to those from the neighboring sites, including the Arabian Sea and the Guliya ice core, and thus supports the notion that the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau acts as an important link between climatic events in the North Atlantic realm and the Asian monsoon domain.