基于螺旋CT的人体颅脑三维有限元模型构建

阐述了基于螺旋CT图像构建颅脑三雏有限元模型的过程。首先，对人体颅脑进行CT断层扫描，然后采用CT图像三维重建软件和CAD软件构建轮廓线，用有限元软件ANSYS划分网格，构建了颅脑三维有限元模型，并对该模型进行了验证。此模型包括大脑左右半球、小脑、脑干、大脑镰、小脑幕，是完全真实的人体颅脑三维有限元模型。本模型以精确CT数据为依据，为宇航、交通事故、司法鉴定、创伤判断和临床治疗等提供了可用的颅脑有限元模型。     

老年性痴呆症患者的EEG近似熵特征初探

老年性痴呆症是一种后天获得性中枢神经系统退行性疾病，严重地危害着人们的身体健康和生活质量，为了探索老年性痴呆症脑电图中隐含的信息，对老年性痴呆症患者和健康对照者的脑电图（EEG）近似熵进行分析，并绘制其脑电脑电信息图，对照健康人，发现患者EEG近似熵普遍下降，尤以右额叶，颞叶区显著，提示EEG近似熵与大脑功能状况有一定联系，在一定程度上可以反映大脑功能状态。     

基于脑区社团结构的恐高程度识别模型

高层建筑拔地而起,客观的恐高检测手段是高空作业行业规范化的关键一步.本文结合虚拟现实技术设计高空暴露实验,深入研究了恐高反应的大脑神经机制,提出使用脑功能网络检测恐高程度.通过对比不同恐高程度脑功能网络的基本拓扑特征,使用阈值化处理找出与恐高程度关系密切的脑区.根据脑区划分社团结构,构建恐高程度识别模型.结果表明:恐高...     

基于深度学习的脑微观结构重建

为了研究脑运行机制以实现类脑智能,我们引入深度学习工具系统解决突触级脑微观重建中大数据自动分析的难题,包括:密集神经元重建、单根神经元追踪、关键细胞器检测和重建.其中我们使用带有候选区域(region proposal network,RPN)的全卷积网络(fully convolutional networks,FCN)检测线粒体和突触,结合SPPUnet(spatial pyramid pooling U-net)网络框架和MultiCut算法进行神经元的重建,各部分在量化分析和视觉上取得了较好的结果.重建工作为学术界开展高通量的突触尺度脑微观结构重建提供有效支持.     

Use of aggregating cell cultures for toxicological studies

Summary Relatively simple techniques are now available which allow the preparation of large quantities of highly reproducible aggregate cultures from fetal rat brain or liver cells, and to grow them in a chemically defined medium. Since these cultures exhibit extensive histotypic cellular reorganization and maturation, they offer unique possibilities for developmental studies. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the usefulness of these cultures in developmental toxicology. Aggregating brain cell cultures were exposed at different developmental stages to model drugs (i.e., antimitotic, neurotoxic, and teratogenic agents) and assayed for their responsiveness by measuring a set of biochemical parameters (i.e., total protein and DNA content, cell type-specific enzyme activities) which permit a monitoring of cellular growth and maturation. It was found that each test compound elicited a distinct, dose-dependent response pattern, which may ultimately serve to screen and classify toxic drugs by using mechanistic criteria. In addition, it could be shown that aggregating liver cell cultures are capable of toxic drug activation, and that they can be used in co-culture with brain cell aggregates, providing a potential model for complementary toxicological and metabolic studies.     

Corticosteroid effects on cholinergic enzymes in ethanol-treated fetal brain cell cultures

Summary In the presence of ethanol, corticosterone and dexamethasone inhibit choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase activities in cultured fetal brain cells of the rat. These results suggest that corticosteroids may have an important influence on the activity of cholinergic enzymes in the fetal brain and may antagonize the effects of ethanol in this setting.     

Localization of brain type creatine kinase in kidney epithelial cell subpopulations in rat

Summary Immunoperoxidase studies of rat kidney using antibody to brain type isoenzyme of creatine kinase (BB) revealed a specific staining in the epithelial cells of the thick ascending limb of the Henle's loop and collecting tubule. Occasional epithelial cells in cortical tubules that lack brush border were also positive for BB. Renal glomeruli and proximal tubules showed no immunoreactivity to this enzyme.