黑龙江大米类国家地理标志产品保护的思考

黑龙江省现有22种国家地理标志产品,其中大米类有五常大米、方正大米、响水大米、珍宝岛大米等4种。分析了黑龙江大米类国家地理标志产品保护的对策,并建议：①加强种质资源研究;②进一步圈定其最适宜种植区域;③鼓励与支持保护范围内的更多企业使用其“地理标志产品专用标志”;④建立国家质量标准——《地理标志产品响水大米》、《地理标志产品珍宝岛大米》;⑤注册相应的地理标志商标“响水大米”、“珍宝岛大米”。表1,参5。     

三江平原大豆根系和水稻根系土壤细菌的分离与鉴定

大豆根系和水稻根系土壤的微生物类群中,细菌数量最多,放线菌数量次之,真菌数量最少,且根系土壤微生物总数明显高于根外土壤微生物总数.对三江平原大豆根系和水稻根系土壤中的细菌进行分离,根据细菌个体特征、菌落形态特征及其生理生化特性进行初步鉴定.结果表明,大豆根系土壤中主要分布着芽孢杆菌属、黄单胞菌属、气单胞菌属、甲基单胞菌属、假单胞菌属、根瘤菌属6个菌属;水稻根系土壤中分布着微球菌属、黄杆菌属、根瘤菌属、奈瑟氏球菌属、葡萄球菌属5个菌属.同时,探讨了土壤部分理化性质对大豆和水稻根系细菌数量的影响,明确了根系细菌数量与土壤含水量、有机质含量、pH等有一定的相关性,对今后大豆和水稻田间施肥,提高粮食产量具有一定的指导意义.     

Optimal waveband identification for estimation of leaf area index of paddy rice

The objectives of the study were to select suitable wavebands for rice leaf area index （LAI） estimation using the data acquired over a whole growing season, and to test the efficiency of the selected wavebands by comparing them with feature positions of rice canopy spectra. In this study, the field experiment in 2002 growing season was conducted at the experimental farm of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. Measurements of hyperspectral reflectance （350-2500 nm） and corresponding LAI were made for a paddy rice canopy throughout the growing season. And three methods were employed to identify the optimal wavebands for paddy rice LAI estimation： correlation coefficient-based method, vegetation index-based method, and stepwise regression method. This research selected 15 wavebands in the region of 350-2500 nm, which appeared to be the optimal wavebands for the paddy rice LAI estimation. Of the selected wavebands, the most frequently occurring wavebands were centered around 554, 675, 723, and 1633 rim. They were followed by 444, 524, 576, 594, 804, 849, 974, 1074, 1219, 1510, and 2194 rim. Most of them made physical sense and had their counterparts in spectral known feature positions, which indicates the promising potential of the 15 selected wavebands for the retrieval of paddy rice LAI.     

Characterization of high-yield performance as affected by genotype and environment in rice

We characterized yield-relevant characters and their variations over genotypes and environments （locations and years） by examining two rice varieties （9746 and Jinfeng） with high yield potential. 9746 and Jinfeng were planted in two locations of Shanghai, China, during 2005 and 2006. The results show that there was a large variation in grain yield between locations and years. The realization of high yield potential for the two types of rice was closely related to the improved sink size, such as more panicles per square meter or grains per panicle. Stem and leaf biomasses were mainly accumulated from tillering stage to heading stage, and showed slow decline during grain filling. Meanwhile, some photosynthetic characters including net photosynthesis rate （Pn）, leaf area index （LAI）, specific leaf area （SLA）, fluorescence parameter （maximum quantum yield ofPSll, Fv/Fm）, chlorophyll content （expressed as SPAD value）, as well as nutrient （N, P, K） uptake were also measured to determine their variations over genotypes and environments and their relationships with grain yield. Although there were significant differences between years or locations for most measurements, SLA at tillering and heading stages, Fv/Fm and LAI at heading stage, stem biomass at heading and maturity stages, and leaf nitrogen concentration at tillering and heading stages remained little changed, indicating their pos- sible applications as selectable characters in breeding programs. It was also found that stem nitrogen accumulation at tillering stage is one of the most important and stable traits for high yield formation.     

陕西省生物质能开发利用的前景和对策分析

大力开发利用生物质能,对于缓解陕西省能源供应和环境压力,实现可持续发展具有重要的意义。对于秸秆利用、发展生物液体燃料、垃圾发电和废弃物综合利用中出现的问题,需相关部门采取有效政策和保障措施加以解决,以利于生物质能开发利用健康、有序的发展。     

Biorefinery of bacterial cellulose from rice straw: enhanced enzymatic saccharification by ionic liquid pretreatment

The pretreatment of rice straw is often used to enhance the hydrolysis. 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride([AMIM]Cl) is a kind of low viscous,nontoxic and recyclable ionic liquid. It was used to treat rice straw and improve the enzymatic hydrolysis of rice straw in this study. The factors influencing the pretreatment were as follows:the dosage of rice straw in [AMIM]Cl,crush mesh of rice straw,pretreatment temperature and time. After the pretreatment with a 3 %(the weight ratio of rice straw to ionic liquid) rice straw dosage in [AMIM]Cl at 110 ℃ for 1 h,the yield of reducing sugar of regenerated rice straw by 33 U/mL cellulase hydrolysis was 53.3 %,which was two times higher than that of un-treated rice straw(23.7 %) . More researches regarding straw biorefinery to bacterial cellulose are being performed in the lab and prospective results will be published in near future.     

Preparation and properties of low cost porous titanium by using rice husk as hold space

The present study demonstrates an effective low cost effective process for the production of porous titanium with 50-60 vol% porosity using 20 wt% rice husk(RH) with the hold spaces in the size ranges of 100-180,180-250,250-380,and 380-550 μm.The analysis of the samples revealed an interconnected pore microstructure consisting of a mixture of coarse channel pores,created during burnout of RH.The compressive strength of the developed samples was in the range of 17-70 MPa and depended strongly on their porosity and pore size.Large amounts of cleavage steps appeared on the brittle fracture surface after compression of the samples.The 3D morphology of porous titanium surface with rice husk sizes of 100-180μm and 380-550μm can be characterized by the micro-hole surface of pore size,and the size of the hole diameter and husk.The developed porous titanium is considered potentially useful in future medical or industrial application of biomass.     

微波辐射应用于麦草浆漂白工艺的研究

将微波辐射代替传统水浴加热应用于H2O2麦草浆漂白工艺中。研究了微波辐射时间、辐射功率、H2O2用量和NaOH用量等因素对纸浆漂白效果的影响。通过与传统水浴加热漂白对比发现,达到相应白度时微波辐射漂白时间大大缩短;微波辐射漂白纸浆粘度没有过多下降;微波辐射漂白废水中的残余过氧化物只有水浴漂白的10%。正交实验结果表明H2O2用量的影响最大,其次是微波辐射时间和NaOH用量,影响最小的是微波输出功率。最佳实验条件为微波辐射功率240?W、辐射时间25?min、H2O2用量5％和NaOH用量4％时纸浆白度约为59％ISO,纸浆粘度大于620?mL·g-1,纸浆硬度约为390。     

面向21世纪的农作物秸秆材料工业

围绕贯彻天然林保护政策和中国木材资源短缺的实际,提出了用农作物秸秆替代木材原料发展材料工业的构想,从农作物秸秆贮量、特性和加工方法等方面探讨了开发农作物秸秆材料工业的可能性,介绍了几种农作物秸秆材料产品,如秸秆板材料、秸秆建筑材料、秸秆包装材料、秸秆模压材料等,讨论了２１世纪中国农作物秸秆材料工业的发展前景。     

热激对温敏不育水稻幼苗生长发育的影响

温敏不育水稻培矮 6 4S在三叶期经 38℃ (恒温 )热激处理后幼苗增长率、叶片长度、叶鞘长度和茎叶干重都极显著低于该品种经 2 2℃ (恒温 )处理后的上述各项指标 ,幼苗生长发育受到明显抑制。而常规水稻师大 435经 38℃ (恒温 )热激处理后及供试的两个材料经 2 2℃ (恒温 )处理后的幼苗都表现出正常生长发育。但两个温度 (38℃和 2 2℃ )处理后对常规水稻师大 435和温敏不育水稻培矮 6 4S的根的生长发育都没有表现出明显的不良影响。