新型低膦系列水质稳定剂--膦酸基羟乙酸的研究

以二烷基亚磷酸酯与乙醛酸为原料,经一步反应得到膦酸基羟乙酸(HPA),产率为70%. 采用红外光谱、31P-NMR及液相色谱分析证实了合成产物的分子结构. 此合成路线克服了欧洲专利报道的剧毒、苛刻的反应条件和复杂的工艺路线等缺点. 对HPA的耐蚀性进行了探讨,得到了理想的结果.     

蛋白激酶C单克隆抗体的制备

应用杂交瘤技术制备了蛋白激酶C(PKC)的单克隆抗体,用蛋白A-Sepharose-CL4B协同沉淀复合物分析单抗识别的蛋白,分子质量与PKC相同。采用该抗体对正常和转化的C_3H_(10) T_(1/2)细胞进行免疫荧光观察,发现它们的PKC含量明显不同。但荧光分布都主要集中在细胞质和细胞膜部分。     

Molecular mechanism for the production of multiple form of MM creatine kinase

Summary Incubation of human, canine or rabbit MM creatine kinase with carboxypeptidase-N or B resulted in the production of 2 additional enzyme forms with increased anodal migration on polyacrylamide gels. The C-terminal amino acid of tissue MM creatine kinase from all 3 species was shown to be lysine, a specific substrate for carboxypeptidase-N and B.     

Structure and function of a calmodulin-dependent smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase

Summary In smooth muscle the M_r 20,000 light chain of myosin is phosphorylated by a calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. It consists of 2 subunits: calmodulin, an acidic protein of M_r 17,000 that binds 4 moles of Ca²⁺; and a larger protein of M_r circa 130,000. Activation of the kinase is dependent upon their association in the presence of Ca²⁺. Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation of the myosin light chain kinase occurs at 2 sites. It decreases the affinity of the kinase for calmodulin and a reduction in the rate of light chain phosphorylation occurs. The kinase has an overall asymmetric shape composed of a globular head and tail region for the skeletal muscle enzyme. Trypsin digestion of this kinase releases a fragment of M_r 36,000 from the globular region that contains the catalytic and calmodulin binding sites. Chymotrypsin digestion of the kinase from smooth muscle generates a fragment of M_r 80,000 that does not contain the calmodulin binding or cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation sites. It is a Ca²⁺-independent form of the kinase that phosphorylates the light chain of myosin. These structural features indicate a regulatory role for the kinase in smooth muscle phosphorylation and contraction.     

The phorbol ester TPA induces metamorphosis in Red Sea coral planulae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa)

Controlled experiments on the metamorphosis of marine invertebrate larvae require artificial inducers. These inducers can be used for studying the involvement of known signal transduction pathways in settlement and metamorphosis. The ability of the tumor-promoting phorbol ester TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) to induce metamorphosis in planulae of the Red Sea soft coral speciesHeteroxenia fuscescens, Xenia umbellata, Dendronephthya hemprichii, Litophyton arboreum andParerythropodium fulvum fulvum, and the stony coralStylophora pistillata, was examined by using various concentrations of TPA. The chemical induced metamorphosis in all six species. The effect was unspecific and concentration-related. For all the corals except forX. umbellata the highest mean percentages of metamorphosis were obtained with 8.1×10^–7–10^–9 M TPA. ForX. umbellata, the percentage of metamorphosis was lower, and was obtained within a wider TPA concentration range. The present results, along with previous studies on Hydrozoa and Scyphozoa, demonstrate that TPA is the first common artificial inducer for these classes of Cnidaria. TPA is known to activate the enzyme protein kinase C (PKC) and therefore plays an important role in studying the phosphatidylinositol signal transduction system. Evidence for the involvement of this pathway in triggering metamorphosis has already been reported for Hydrozoa and Scyphozoa. Our results suggest that PKC is also involved in initiating metamorphosis in Anthozoa.     

铝——二氧化锰电池缓蚀剂的研究

以LD5铝合金为阳极,测定了近30种可供选择的缓蚀剂在ZnCl_2+NH_4Cl电解液中的缓蚀效率及对铝阳极行为的影响。选出的Al/MnO_2电池缓蚀剂的较佳配方是:YS 1.0 g/1+Vc 1.5 g/1+SA 0.5 g/1+XA 0.8 g/1或YS 1.5 g/1+VC 1.0 g/1+SA0.5 g/1+XA 1.0 g/1。对其缓蚀机理的初步研究表明,它们属于混合抑制型缓蚀剂。     

含Fe3+盐酸介质中硫代酰胺的缓蚀作用及其与表面活性剂的协同效应

用极化曲线法研究了含Fe^3 的5％盐酸体系中硫代酰胺、硫代丁酰胺及硫代苯酰胺的缓蚀作用及其与表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠的协同作用。结果表明，该类缓蚀剂是阴极几何覆盖型缓蚀剂，缓蚀作用的大小顺序为硫代苯酰胺＞硫代丁酰胺＞硫代酰胺，随着加药浓度的增加，缓蚀率提高，但浓度增至一定值时，出现平台效应；加入十二烷基苯磺酸钠能促进其缓蚀作用，二者之间存在明显的协同效应。在低温范围内（30－50℃），随着温度的升高，缓蚀能力加强，协同效应亦增强，温度超过60℃，缓蚀能力有所下降，协同效应也减弱，80℃时协同效应消失。     

Low-molecular-weight enzyme inhibitors suppress the development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

Summary We tested the activity of low-molecular-weight enzyme inhibitors with immunomodifying actions on the suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Of the agents tested the inhibitors of alkaline phosphatase, aminopeptidase B and esterase gave significant protection againts the clinical expression of EAE in guinea pigs.Acknowledgments. This work was partly supported by a grant-in-aid for New Drug Development Research from the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japan.     

Insulin receptors: Structure and function

Summary and conclusions The recent characterization of the human insulin receptor structure and its intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity represent major advances in our understanding of the mechanism of insulin action. It is reasonable to think that the insulin-induced autophosphorylation and activation of its receptor kinase represent an important event in the action of insulin on cell metabolism and growth. The fundamental research reviewed may be followed by the discovery of molecular receptor defects in clinical syndromes of insulin resistance.     

Protein kinase C and phospholipase D: intimate interactions in intracellular signaling

Diacylglycerol (DAG) was discovered as a potent lipid second messenger with protein kinase C (PKC) as its major cellular target more than 25 years ago. There is increasing evidence of significant complexity within lipid signaling, and the classical DAG-PKC model no longer stands alone but is part of a larger bioactive lipid universe involving glycerolipids and sphingolipids. Multiple layers of regulation exist among PKC- and DAG-metabolizing enzymes such as phosphatidylcholine (PC)-specific phospholipase D, and cross-talk exists between the glycerolipid and sphingolipid pathways, with PKC at the center. Currently, there is intense interest in the question of whether DAG derived from PC can function as a lipid second messenger and regulate PKC analogous to DAG derived from phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP₂). To address these issues and incorporate DAG-PKC and other signaling pathways into an expanded view of cell biology, it will be necessary to go beyond the classical approaches and concepts.Received 29 November 2004; received after revision 18 January 2005; accepted 4 March 2005This work is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Yasutomi Nishizuka, the discoverer of protein kinase C, who was both a gentleman and a scientist.