根瘤菌对紫花苜蓿接种效果的初步研究

将中国农业大学菌种库(CCBAU)提供的10株苜蓿根瘤菌分别接种在“奔马”、“金皇后”、“金太阳”三个品种的紫花苜蓿上,经室内水培50天,结果证明:G303、R193和R362三菌株既能在三个品种紫花苜蓿根部结瘤,又能使植株地上部的株高、鲜重、干重比CK有不同程度的提高,株高增长率为15.0%、47.0%、-8.7%,鲜重增长率为237.0%、42.9%、40.0%,干重增长率为216.0%、2.1%、29.9%。     

Interaction ofRhizobium loti strain and host on the biosynthesis of unusual amino acids in leguminous plants

Summary The effect of differentRhizobium loti strains on the biosynthesis of 2,3-diamino-butanoic acid and 2,4-diamino-3-methyl-butanoic acid in root nodules ofLotus tenuis, Anthyllis vulneraria andLupinus densiflorus has been investigated. Results suggest that biosynthesis isRhizobium strain dependent, that the bacteroid is the site of synthesis of the compounds and that their biosynthesis is confined to the symbiosis.     

旋扭山绿豆根瘤菌抗药菌株筛选及结瘤竞争

本实验获得了抗链霉素突变株ＭＸＤＩ６Ｓ＿ｍ￣Ｒ，此菌株既有稳定的抗药性又保持良好的固氮能力．菌株间竞争结瘤表明ＭＸＤＩ６Ｓ＿ｍ￣Ｒ竞争能力量强，并有双侵染出现．ＭＸＤＩ６Ｓ＿ｍ￣Ｒ与土著根瘤菌竞争时，竞占瘤率达９０％．生长在ＴＹ培养基上的ＭＸＤＩ６Ｋ＿ｍ￣Ｒ与生长在ＹＥＭ培养基上的ＭＸＤＩ６Ｓ＿ｍ￣Ｒ竞争时ＭＸＤＩ６Ｋ＿ｍ￣Ｒ占瘤率为零．     

豌豆根瘤菌gshR基因的抗氧化和共生固氮作用

目的: 研究豌豆根瘤菌 RL3841 的谷胱甘肽还原酶编码基因 gshR 的功能．方法: 采用基因同源重组构建了豌豆根瘤菌 gshR 基因突变株 RLgshR,探讨了基因突变对根瘤菌抗氧化和共生固氮的影响, 利用实时荧光定量 RT-PCR检测 gshR基因的 mRNA 表达水平．结果: gshR基因缺失不影响菌株在 AMS 基础培养基中的生长能力, 但突变株对氢过氧化枯( CuOOH) 和较高浓度的 H₂O₂氧化物敏感．结论: gshR 基因突变株 RLgshR 形成正常固氮根瘤, gshR 基因的表达不受 H2O2和共生环境诱导．     

nodD基因的克隆及其导入大豆根瘤菌工程菌株的构建

以快生型大豆根瘤菌(Sinorhizobium fredii)15067的基因组DNA作为模板,采用PCR技术,克隆结瘤基因nodD编码区序列;利用DNA重组技术,将nodD基因连到lac启动子的下游,通过luxAB基因标记的质粒载体pTR102构建表达载体pTR102-Plac-nodD,采用三亲本杂交的方式,将构建的表达载体转化土著大豆根瘤菌,构建转基因工程菌株,为研究转基因工程菌株对大豆结瘤能力的影响提供依据。     

菜豆根瘤菌CFN42全基因组非经典分泌蛋白的预测与分析

为了深入了解生物固氮的分子机理，利用SecretomeP2.0和SignalP4.1对菜豆根瘤菌CFN42全基因组进行预测，结果发现，在5963个蛋白质中，非经典分泌蛋白596个，约占总数的10%，主要涉及底物转运，毒力侵染，物质代谢等方面。在有功能描述的215个分泌蛋白中，识别了I、III、IV型分泌系统，这些蛋白质在侵染和根瘤发育方面发挥了重要作用；在381个假定蛋白中，通过结构域分析，发现了Tad、Cupin、OmPA和CsbD结构域，含有这些结构域的非经典分泌蛋白可能参与了根瘤菌的宿主专一性。在豆科植物-根瘤菌固氮体系中，非经典分泌蛋白发挥了重要作用。     

Influence of phosphorus supply and light intensity on mycorrhizal response inPisum-Rhizobium-Glomus symbiosis

The influence of mycorrhizal colonization withGlomus mosseae on parameters of N₂ fixation and plant growth was studied in pot experiments with pea plants (Pisum sativum L.) infected withRhizobium leguminosarum and supplied with varied levels of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N). Reduced light intensities were used to evaluate the dependence of the microsymbionts on assimilate supply. In plants grown with low P supply, mycorrhization increased the concentration of P in shoots, and thus N₂ fixation. Reduced light intensity significantly depressed mycorrhizal colonization and nodule growth in low-P plants. When P supply did not limit plant growth and N₂ fixation, however, the percentage of mycorrhizal colonization was reduced due to the higher P status, and the microsymbionts were not impaired by low light intensities. To maximize carbohydrate supply, another experiment was carried out at high light intensity of 900 mol m^–2s^–1 and with non-limiting P supply. Nitrogen fertilization, given as starter N, enhanced plant growth, but delayed nodule formation. Towards flowering, nodulation rapidly increased, but less so inGlomus inoculated plants. After 28 days mycorrhizal plants were lower in shoot dry weight, nodule dry weight and nitrogenase activity. The results suggest that under many, but not all, environmental conditions the host plant is able to restrict mycorrhizal colonization and, thus, to prevent impairment ofRhizobium symbiosis.deceased in May 1994     

几株花生根瘤菌的内源质粒及其与吸氢酶关联

近年来,根瘤菌吸氢酶基因的研究取得可喜进展,豌豆根瘤菌(Rhizobium lequminosarum)的吸氢基因已证实与结瘤基因连锁共同编码于大质粒上。慢生型大豆根瘤菌(R.japonicum)的吸氢基因则由染色体编码,并进行基因结构和核苷酸序列的分析。花生根瘤菌(R.Trachis)内源质粒的存在情况未见报道。本工作以某些具有吸氢能力(Hup~+)和不具吸氢能力(Hup~-)的菌株为研究对象,采用Hirsch和倒转停顿电场凝胶电泳(FIGE)等方法,检测花生根瘤菌内源     

大豆和花生根瘤菌氢酶的研究

根瘤菌在共生固氮过程中因放H2所消耗的能量约占固所氮总能量的40%-6%。吸氢酶则能回收和利用固氮过程所放的H2,养活能量损失,从而提高共生固氮效率。在厌氧条件下,加入防止酶蛋白聚合的试剂,利用DEAE-纤维素和Sephacry S-200柱层析,从自养性大豆根瘤菌和花生根瘤菌类菌体中分离并提纯膜结合态氢酶。纯化的两种氢酶表现相近的分子特征：均含有大（60kD,65kD)、小（30kD,35kD)两个亚基,均为NiFe-氢酶,并且有较高的吸H2活性。大豆根瘤菌氢酶的纯酶组分不含Cyt b599。花生根瘤菌L8-3菌株能进行化能自养生长,诱导出高吸H2活性。根瘤菌的吸H2能明显提高固氮活性。从具有高吸H2活性的花生根瘤菌中分离并克隆吸氢基因,采用PCR和探针杂交技术,获得含有吸氢基因的质粒pZ-55。利用多种限制性内切酶构建了质粒pZ-55的物理图谱。通过三亲本杂交,将含吸氢基因的重组质粒转移到不吸H2的花生和毛豆根瘤菌中,所获得的结合株在自生和共生条件下均表达吸H2活性。以结合株接种大田花生,获得的共生根瘤的吸H2活性比接种受体株提高4倍,花生叶片和种子的含N量、产量分别提高1.7%、8.9%和9.6%。