流动相光催化反应器对苯酚的降解特性研究

对流动相体系中光催化降解苯酚的反应特性进行实验研究.采用流动相光催化反应装置,以苯酚作为目标污染物,TiO2(Degussa-P25)作为光催化剂,针对吸附、光解、光源强度、曝气量、苯酚初始浓度和催化剂投加量等对降解苯酚溶液的影响进行了研究,并进行了动力学分析,建立了相应的苯酚光催化降解动力学经验方程.实验结果表明,苯酚在流动相光催化反应器中,吸附和光解对悬浮态TiO2催化剂降解苯酚的影响微弱;循环流量为0.5~0.6L/min时光催化降解苯酚效果最好;苯酚初始浓度在10~60mg/L之间时,苯酚的降解遵循表观一级反应动力学规律,表观反应速率常数K=Ksum(0.000 6I+0.004 7),其中Ksum=16.783[1/C0]+0.055 6.     

混沌动力学模型在火灾损失预测中的应用

为了验证混沌动力学模型在火灾损失预测中是否具有实用价值,以消防部提供的湖南省1990 2001年的火灾损失统计数据为基础,通过建立混沌动力学模型对2002年的火灾损失数值进行了预测,并将预测结果与实际统计数据进行对比,从而得出混沌动力学模型在火灾预测中具有计算量小、精度较高的优点,可以在实际过程中广泛应用.     

20世纪物理学革命的回顾及思考

20世纪初期发生的现代物理学革命,建立了相对论和量子力学,完成了从经典物理学到现代物理学的转变.本文通过对物理学革命的回顾,讨论了物理学革命对人类社会的作用和影响.     

物质空间层次宇宙模型

新的科学方法是产生新思想、新理论的源泉．康德在1755年、拉普拉斯在1796年就预言了在1923年才由哈勃证实的河外星系的存在．如果将康德、拉普拉斯思考问题所使用的方法进行归纳,就可得到一种新的科学研究方法,将这种方法应用于新宇宙模型的建构,结合笛卡尔的物质空间思想,可得到一种新的宇宙模型——“物质空间层次宇宙模型”,文中提出了验证该模型的实验观测方法．在新宇宙模型中,美国普林斯顿大学的保罗·斯坦哈特与英国剑桥大学的尼尔·图罗克提出的循环宇宙,成为一个自然的结果．     

一个新四维超混沌系统及其混沌同步

在一个新三维混沌系统的基础上增加一维状态,提出了一个新的四维自治超混沌系统,分析了系统的超混沌吸引子相图、平衡点的性质、Lyapunov指数和分形维数等非线性动力学特性．基于线性系统的稳定性分析准则,通过对系统线性项和非线性项的适当分离,构造了混沌同步系统,实现了该同步系统与新超混沌系统的完全同步．Matlab数值仿真结果表明,所设计的同步系统能有效地实现混沌同步．     

基于系统动力学的学习绩效模型

首先研究了学习绩效的相关文献,然后以大学英语六级模拟测试为例,对影响学习绩效的因素做了相关调查与分析.在此基础上,引入系统动力学的思想和方法,对大学生的学习绩效进行建模,并通过Vensim软件对模型进行仿真和分析.最后,在对本科生的调查和访谈做了一定分析的基础上提出相关建议.     

Riser VIV and its numerical simulation

This paper summarizes some of the typical riser vortex-induced vibration (VIV) problems in subsea oil and gas developments,and presents the corresponding computational fluid dynamics (CFD) time domain simulation results to address these problems. First,the CFD time domain simulation approach was applied to analyze the wake field behind a stationary cylinder and a vibrating cylinder. Then a vertical riser VIV response under uniform current was studied. The VIV response time histories revealed some valuable clues that could lead to explanation of the higher harmonics. After that,a vertical riser VIV response under shear current was investigated. A 3 000 ft (1 ft=0.304 8 m) water depth top tensioned riser was sized,and its VIV responses under uniform and shear current were studied. Then this paper continues to discuss one catenary flexible riser VIV response during normal lay. Last,the time domain simulation approach was applied to a partially submerged flexible jumper,to study the jumper VIV behavior,and dynamic motion envelopes. It was demonstrated that the time domain simulation approach is able to disclose details of the flow field,vortex shedding pattern,and riser dynamic behavior,and han-dle different types of risers under different type of currents.     

解析与数值的意义及所描述的世界

基本科学规律一般指动力学规律即状态时间变化的微观规律,呈现为“边界条件＋动力学方程”形式。动力学方程是潜无限意义下的微分方程,少数简单情况下有解析解,初等连续函数形式的解析解描述的是一个确定性、连续性的世界;多数情况下没有解析解,那是一个不确定性和非线性放大机制并存的世界;潜无限动力学方程不能完全描述的是实无限的连续性世界。在运动学层面,无论有无解析解也无论存不存在动力学方程,都可以用数值方法研究动力学现象的运动学行为,数值解描述的是有限性、确定性、离散性、历史性的世界。     

Dynamics of the generalized 3x + 1 function determined by its fractal images

Two different complex maps were obtained by generalizing 3x ＋ 1 function to the complex plane, and fractal images for these two complex maps were constructed by using escape time, stopping time and total stopping time arithmetic. The dynamics of the generalized 3x＋1 function based on the structural characteristics of the fractal images was studied. We found that：（1） the size and structure of the stable regions, stopping regions, total stopping regions, and divergent regions for the three types of fractal images depend on convergence rate of the map on the x and y axes. （2） The black stable regions constructed, respectively, by escape time and total stopping time are almost overlapped, demonstrating that 3x ＋1 function converged steadily. （3） All of the three fractal images are symmetric to the real axis. The structures on the neighborhood of positive integer number are symmetric to a perpendicular line, which is corresponding to the point or its nearby points on the x axis. And the structures have complicated fractal structure characteristics. These findings indicate that the generalized 3x＋1 function on integer number and its neighborhood contains plentiful information in the complex plane.     

Epidemic spreading behavior in local-world evolving networks

The susceptible-infected-susceptible （SIS） epidemic model is presented which can be used to study the epidemic spreading behavior in the local-world evolving network model. Local-world evolving model displays a transition from the exponential network to the scale-free network with respect to the connectivity distribution. From theoretical analyses and numerical simulations, we find that the epidemic spreading behavior on local-world networks also takes on some kind of transitional behaviors. The transitional behavior is further verified by comparing the spreading behavior of local-world network with that of random and scale-free networks. Some feasible control strategies are also orooosed to keeo from the eoidemic spreading on networks.