跨界水环境治理的政府间协作机制研究

以跨界水环境治理中政府间协作关系的困境为研究对象,分别从行政分割、法律缺失、治理机制以及财政分担机制不完整等方面探讨了地方政府在跨界流域治理过程中陷入协作困境的原因,并据此提出了建议,即强化政府间认同机制、明确法律保障制度、完善水环境政府治理体制和政府投资机制等。最后以太湖流域为例,结合太湖水环境治理的特点,剖析了其治理现状及困境,提出了该流域政府间协作治理的对策建议。     

基于ISCCP卫星资料的南中国海云量特征分析

为较准确地了解掌握可以反映南中国海天气和气候特征的云量分布演变特征,利用1999年1月至2009年12月的ISCCP卫星云量资料,通过物理量特征提取、对比分析等方法,研究了南中国海总云量及高、中、低云量的分布演变特征,以及其与其他海域各季节云量季节性变化特征。结果表明:南中国海低云量四季中均表现为由海区向沿岸递减,总云量和中、高云量夏秋季高于冬春季,低云量则相反。对于不同海域的云量细节特征要依据各季节大气和海洋环流变化来细致区分,这样有助于在掌握规律基础上有效制作海域上空云的预报。     

南海北部陆缘黏土矿物组合特征与地质意义

采用沉积矿物分析方法对南海北部九口探井渐新世—中新世沉积物进行系统的黏土矿物分析.结果表明:南海北部沉积物黏土矿物组成随时间及空间呈现规律性变化,黏土矿物伊/蒙转化深度具有自北向南逐步变浅的规律,与地温梯度升高变化趋势基本一致,这种黏土矿物伊/蒙转化的变化规律反映了南海北部洋陆过渡地壳减薄,莫霍面抬升,热流值升高的趋势.通过黏土矿物组合演变特征与热流变化趋势的相关关系,可以预测区域性温度场变化规律,加深对南海北部洋陆过渡地壳厚度变化的认识.     

东海风暴潮数值预报模式参数的敏感性分析

设计两个模拟台风,以北上型台风路径对东海风暴潮数值预报模式进行敏感性分析。采用高桥水文站的风暴潮计算结果,分析了台风引起的最大增水及出现时间对台风中心经度、纬度、中心气压和最大风圈半径的敏感程度。结果表明,最大风暴增水的数值对台风中心纬度并不敏感,对台风中心气压、最大风圈半径有一定的敏感,但也并不显著,而对台风中心经度最为敏感。最大增水出现的时间则对台风中心气压、最大风圈半径并不敏感,对台风中心经度和纬度较为敏感,尤其是纬度最为显著。在设计的两种模拟台风中,最大增水出现的时间表现出对台风中心纬度以及台风移速更为敏感.     

瑶湖流域非点源氮、磷负荷估算及其控制对策

利用ArcGIS10.0软件,划分了瑶湖流域的范围,并提取了土地利用类型及其面积,在流域调查的基础上,参考国内外相关研究方法,按照农村与城镇生活污染(A类污染)、畜禽养殖污染(B类污染)、村镇与农业径流污染(C类污染)和水产养殖污染(D类污染)等4种污染来源,估算了瑶湖流域的非点源氮、磷污染负荷。结果表明:入湖氮、磷总负荷分别为346.3 t/a和102.8 t/a;B类污染是氮和磷污染的主要来源,其污染负荷占总负荷的比例分别为73.1%和85.3%;南昌县对B类污染的TN和TP贡献率大于青山湖区;南昌县对A类污染的TN和TP贡献率稍小于青山湖区;对于C类污染,TN贡献率大小为:水田村镇水浇地,TP贡献率大小为:村镇水田水浇地。在此分析基础上,提出了非点源N、P污染负荷控制对策。这为瑶湖流域水污染控制提供了理论依据和数据支撑,同时也为政府制定区域社会经济发展规划提供了决策依据。     

Tb~(3+)-GMFX-AR体系的共振瑞利散射光谱特性及吉米沙星的测定

建立了一种新的检测吉米沙星的方法.在p H 5.5 HAc-Na Ac缓冲溶液中,吉米沙星(GMFX)作为配体与铽(Ⅲ)与形成配位阳离子,配位阳离子进一步与茜素红(AR)的阴离子反应形成1∶2∶1(Tb3+∶GMFX∶AR)三元离子缔合物,此时将出现新的共振瑞利散射(RRS)光谱,此RRS光谱分别在370 nm与590 nm波长形成两个散射峰.研究发现,370 nm时,在0.005~4.00μg·m L-1吉米沙星浓度范围内此体系的散射强度(ΔI)与吉米沙星浓度线性相关,该体系对吉米沙星的检出限(3σ)为14.5 ng·m L-1.该法简单、快速、重现度高,选择性好,在吉米沙星检测中具有应用价值.     

Magnetic characteristics and its environmental implications of core YSJD-86GC sediments from the southern South China Sea

Sediments of core YSJD-86GC （referred to as 86GC） collected from the southern South China Sea were selected for environmental magnetic studies. Combined with the published chronological framework, sediment magnetic properties were revealed for the study area since the MIS3 stage. The rock magnetic results indicate that low-coercivity magnetite is the main magnetic mineral within the sediments. Also, a certain amounts of hematite are present. The King plot and Day plot, which reflect the magnetic particle size, show that fine-grained pseudo-sin- gle-domain phase magnetic particles dominate the magnetic minerals in the sediments. Comparison of magnetic parameters and geochemical indicators show that magnetic properties of core 86GC sediments reflect a terrigenous input. Simultaneously, magnetic characteristics of the stud- ied sediment are influenced by the quantity of terrigenous sediment input, oxidation-reduction conditions of the provenance area, and the transportation environment and distance. Sea level fluctuation caused by global climate change was the main factor for variation in concentration of magnetic minerals and magnetic particle size of thestudied core sediments. Thus, variation of sediment magnetic properties in the study area can be used as an indirect indicator of sea level fluctuation.     

Millennial climate changes since MIS 3 revealed by element records in deep-sea sediments from northern South China Sea

High resolution elemental MD05-2903 from the northern South records in core China Sea were obtained from XRF scanning and grain size and mineral component analyses. The K/Ti curve reveals climate changes since MIS 3 on a millennial scale, representing one of the best such records so far from deep-sea sediments of the South China Sea. When compared our K/Ti record with other climate records from high latitude ice cores and from East Asia stalagmites, variations in the K/Ti record show some typical saw-shaped features of rapid climate changes in the Northern Hemisphere. Grain size analysis reveals a close relationship between variations in K/Ti and in the fine end-member grain size. XRD analysis confirms that high K/Ti layers were dominated by K-rich weathering minerals, especially illite, while low K/Ti layers contain low illite but high abundance of Ti-rich heavy minerals. Therefore, the K/Ti record reflects changes in the input and deposition of fine weathering minerals and heavy minerals in the northern South China Sea region during stadials and interstadials. These elemental changes were largely con- trolled by variations in rainfall, erosion, and fluvial trans- portation induced by East Asia Monsoon.     

延河流域浮游生物群落多样性的调查

调查研究了延河浮游生物的种类组成、优势种组成以及延河的水环境状况.共记录藻类、原生动物、轮虫、桡足类和枝角类38种,其中绿藻的种类最多,占26.32％,裸藻最少,占5.26％,同时对水环境状况也进行了分析讨论.     

论红军抗日先遣队与中央红军长征

为吸引进攻中央苏区的敌军回防,以红军第7军团为主体的抗日先遣队奉命出征福建、浙江、安徽诸省,三进三出浙江西部地区,灵活机动地破坏杭州至江山段铁路、公路交通线,尽其所能牵制一部分敌军于己周围,竭力呼应中央和军委实施突围行动计划,在另一个战略方向上配合了中央红军长征。