惰化设计方法及其在煤粉干燥工艺中的应用

介绍了可燃粉尘极限氧含量的测试方法和测试设备,并给出了几种常见可燃粉尘的极限氧含量.根据气体均匀混合假设,导出了采用加压或抽真空惰化情况下惰化次数的计算方法和采用通流惰化情况下惰化时间的计算公式.提出了估算惰化流量的经验公式.给出了一个煤粉干燥工艺惰化设计的实例.正常运行时,惰化气体流量可通过循环风量和漏风率估算.在短时间停产时,应采用较小的惰化流量(每小时1~2个设备容积)维持惰化气氛.     

电催化析氧反应过渡金属硫化物催化剂研究进展

析氧反应（oxygen evolution reaction, OER）、析氢反应（hydrogen evolution reaction, HER）和氧还原反应（oxygen reduction reaction, ORR）为电解水、金属-空气电池等能源器件的半反应。其中,OER由于涉及4e^-转移和O-O键的形成而导致反应动力学迟缓和过电势高,因此,开发优异的OER电催化剂能够有效提高能量转换效率。到目前为止,过渡金属硫化物催化剂（transition metal sulfide catalysts, TMSs）被研究人员大量研究和报道,并且取得飞跃发展。介绍在不同电解质中的OER机制,并通过对近几年相关文献的综合归纳,探究TMSs催化剂的组成、导电性、质子传输、缺陷程度、界面化学等多种因素对OER的影响。综述目前过渡金属硫化物电催化剂在OER领域所面临的挑战和研究进展,希望为TMSs的研究者提供借鉴。     

Activation and inactivation of thyroid hormone by deiodinases: Local action with general consequences

The thyroid hormone plays a fundamental role in the development, growth, and metabolic homeostasis in all vertebrates by affecting the expression of different sets of genes. A group of thioredoxin fold-containing selenoproteins known as deiodinases control thyroid hormone action by activating or inactivating the precursor molecule thyroxine that is secreted by the thyroid gland. These pathways ensure regulation of the availability of the biologically active molecule T3, which occurs in a time-and tissue-specific fashion. In addition, because cells and plasma are in equilibrium and deiodination affects central thyroid hormone regulation, these local deiodinase-mediated events can also affect systemic thyroid hormone economy, such as in the case of non-thyroidal illness. Heightened interest in the field has been generated following the discovery that the deiodinases can be a component in both the Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway and the TGR-5 signaling cascade, a G-protein-coupled receptor for bile acids. These new mechanisms involved in deiodinase regulation indicate that local thyroid hormone activation and inactivation play a much broader role than previously thought. Received 29 August 2007; received after revision 11 October 2007; accepted 16 October 2007     

Bile Acids: Chemistry, Pathochemistry, Biology, Pathobiology, and Therapeutics

Bile acids and bile alcohols in the form of their conjugates are amphipathic end products of cholesterol metabolism with multiple physiological functions. The great variety of bile acids and bile alcohols that are present in vertebrates are tabulated. Bile salts have an enterohepatic circulation resulting from efficient vectorial transport of bile salts through the hepatocyte and the ileal enterocyte; such transport leads to the accumulation of a pool of bile salts that cycles between the liver and intestine. Bile salt anions promote lipid absorption, enhance tryptic cleavage of dietary proteins, and have antimicrobial effects. Bile salts are signaling molecules, activating nuclear receptors in the hepatocyte and ileal enterocyte, as well as an increasing number of G-protein coupled receptors. Bile acids are used therapeutically to correct deficiency states, to decrease the cholesterol saturation of bile, or to decrease the cytotoxicity of retained bile acids in cholestatic liver disease.     

RH精炼钢中全氧量变化与操作改进

为了使钢中全氧量控制在一个适当的水平,在武钢炼钢总厂RH真空脱气装置对低碳、超低碳钢进行了脱氧净化试验.结果表明,影响全氧去除的因素按作用高低依次是出钢溶解氧水平,溶解氧与钢包渣的交互作用,钢包渣,和真空处理净化时间.通过改进工艺生产了全氧量≤10×10-6,非金属夹杂物尺寸<10μm的清洁钢水,建立了一个钢包内钢水全氧浓度随时间变化的新方程,该方程考虑了全氧的表观平衡含量及环流、扩散传质对去除氧化物夹杂速率的影响.     

排球比赛的时间特征与能量代谢分析

采用文献资料、逻辑分析等研究方法,依据排球比赛的时间、技术应用特点,导出排球比赛是在长时低到中等强度、短时大强度爆发式用力动作相结合的一种间歇式运动.并根据能量代谢系统的供能特点,总结出比赛中运动员的能量代谢是以磷酸原代谢为主体、有氧氧化代谢为基础、并伴有部分乳酸能参与代谢而供能的,为了使运动强度和运动量必须与能量的消耗和再合成之间的速度相匹配,要求在教学训练中,一定要按照比赛的规律和供能特征科学系统的安排好教学和训练内容、方法和手段.     

川东北宋家洞石笋氧碳同位素周期分析

对采自川东北宋家洞的石笋SJ3的氧碳同位素值进行了小波分析和REDFIT分析,得到以下结果:(1)氧同位素值在18.3～17.5 ka有显著的174 a的周期,碳同位素值在16.2～15.4ka、18.3～17.8ka有显著的174 a的周期;(2)氧碳同位素值的周期与太阳活动周期有关。这些表明石笋记录在短时间尺度上与太阳活动存在显著关联。     

厌氧-需氧废水处理程序的应用及策略

介绍了厌氧-需氧废水处理程序的优越性及其在低温地区的应用,指出厌氧-需氧废水处理程序的调控策略和光电子工业废水的厌氧-需氧废水处理方法.     

搅拌对多黏类芽孢杆菌发酵氧传递过程的影响及CFD模拟

以羧甲基纤维素钠水溶液(CMC)为液相,空气为气相,研究了不同桨型组合、体系黏度、气量、桨间距、气体分布器等对搅拌过程中氧传递的影响。结果表明:在CMC体系中,下层用径向流的涡轮斜叶桨、上层用轴向流的翼型桨有利于氧传递。当单位体积功率P/V≥1.5 kW/m3时,涡轮斜叶翼型组合桨(SRT-HI)比传统的双层透平组合桨(RT-RT)的传质系数提高约10%,且高径比越大,SRT-HI优势越明显。进一步用CFX11.0进行模拟,得到了不同桨型组合下气液两相的速率、气体和氧传质系数的分布等。并在50 L发酵罐中分别采用SRT-HI与RT-RT研究了搅拌对多黏类芽孢杆菌HY96-2发酵溶氧影响的热模实验,结果表明,在P/V=1.6 kW/m3条件下采用SRT-HI发酵,过程中体系的溶氧情况明显好于采用RT-RT时的溶氧情况。     

45t电炉终点碳控制技术研究与应用

对45 t电炉终点碳控制技术进行研究,优化了冶炼工艺及用氧制度,改进了泡沫渣工艺.电炉氧化末期钢水碳的合格率得到较大提高,减少了脱氧材料加入量,在一定程度上降低了LF座包钢水中的氧含量.通过优化泡沫渣工艺,电炉炉盖结冷钢现象已基本杜绝,炉子水冷件漏水现象大幅度减少,缩短了热停时间.