Human slow wave sleep: A review and appraisal of recent findings,with implications for sleep functions,and psychiatric illness

Recent findings concerning human slow wave sleep (hSWS-stages 3+4; delta EEG activity) are critically reviewed. Areas covered include the significance of the first hSWS cycle; hSWS in extended sleep; relationship between hSWS, prior wakefulness and sleep loss; hSWS influence on sleep length; problems with hSWS deprivation; influence of the circadian rhythm; individual differences in hSWS, especially, age, gender and constitutional variables such as physical fitness and body composition. Transient increases in hSWS can be produced by increasing both the quality and quantity of prior wakefulness, with an underlying mechanism perhaps relating to the waking level of brain metabolism. Whilst there may also be thermoregulatory influences on hSWS, hypotheses that energy conservation and brain cooling are major roles for hSWS are debatable. hSWS seems to offer some form of cerebral recovery, with the prefrontal cortex being particularly implicated. The hSWS characteristics of certain forms of major psychiatric disorders may well endorse this prefrontal link.     

螺旋藻放氢与能量供应关系的初步研究

通过暗处理消耗螺旋藻细胞内积存的可供放氢的能源,然后外加不同的呼吸基质。了解到处于暗饥饿状态的螺旋藻可以利用不同基质维持放氢。蔗糖等基质可使放氢活性恢复到暗饥饿前充足照光时的水平,乙酰基和酮戊二酸的恢复效果较差。藻细胞利用不同基质支持的放氢活性还受反应系统中氧浓度的影响,当氧浓度超过10%时,放氢活性差不多被完全抑制。在不同的基质存在和光照条件下,由藻细胞提取得的ATP 浓度有一定差异,这种差异与放氢活性似乎有一定的对应关系,表明蓝藻的放氢活性在适宜放氢的条件下,可能还受藻细胞内ATP 水平的影响。     

一种新的快速测定化学耗氧量的方法

本文对化学耗氧量标准测定方法进行了改进.改进后以硫酸锰作催化剂,在硫酸或硫磷混酸(5∶1)中,采用相同的氧化剂以及价廉的吸收剂排除干扰,可降低分析成本,对环境不造成二次污染,其回收率在98％以上,且与标准法无显著差异,适用于工业废水和生活污水中COD的监测.     

谷氨酰胺对杂交瘤细胞生长代谢的影响

研究了不同浓度的谷氨酰胺对分泌抗小细胞肺癌单克隆抗体的2F7杂交瘤细胞生长、葡萄糖消耗、乳酸及氨的生成等代谢过程的影响。在细胞培养箱中,用含不同浓度谷氨酰胺的培养液培养2F7杂交瘤细胞,培养条件为pH 7.2～7.4,温度37℃,5%CO_2、95%空气。实验表明,适宜于2F7杂交瘤细胞生长的谷氨酰胺浓度为2.5 mmol/L,谷氨酰胺浓度与细胞的葡萄糖消耗呈反比,与乳酸生成浓度呈反比,与氨的生成浓度呈正比。     

超细Fe(OH)_2悬浮液氧化反应中氧传递速率

基于膜理论,分析了含有超细Fe(OH)_2颗粒的淤浆中氧气的传递速率。利用数值解与近似解法给出了增强因子与反应-扩散模数间的关系,两者符合很好。实验验证了Fe(OH)_2的氧化速率与其粒径成反比。     

Oxygen consumption and the evolution of order: negentropy criteria applied to the evolution of ants

Optimization of energy use by evolving organisms, predicted by theoretical extensions of the neo-Darwinian theory, i. contrasted with that of irreversible thermodynamics, which predicts an increase in orderliness and thus an increase in energy consumption per unit of biomass. We compared this index with estimates of social complexity among ant genera and species. Our results show that simple optimization models cannot explain experimental data, and that social complexity correlates differently with negentropy at different levels of analysis. Comparing the genera among Formicidae, workers (not colonies) from genera with highly social species are less negentropic than those of socially primitive ones. At the sub-generic level, social complexity correlated positively with negentropy among species, for major workers inAcromyrmex and for minor workers inAtta. The results illustrate the complexity of thermodynamic criteria in the study of evolution but also hint at their usefulness. In this case, they show that two different evolutionary routes to the complex Attini ant societies may exist.     

柠檬酸生产过程中溶解氧控制策略的研究

溶解氧是柠檬酸发酵过程中的重要参数之一，但由于影响因素很多，精确模型难以建立，所以不易获得满意的控制效果。本文提出一种选择一预测控制方法。通过仿真证明该方法简单、易实现，且有较好的鲁棒性。     

羰基簇合物途径制备的碳载Pt-Co催化剂阴极抗甲醇性能

通过Pt和Co羰基簇合物途径制备了碳载Pt—Co(Pt-Co／C)复合催化剂．其金属粒子的平均粒径小．相对结晶度很低．与商业化的E-TEK Pt／C催化剂相比,该催化剂具有较好的抗甲醇性能和电催化氧还原活性．