“高资人”化石与股骨形态变异的生物力学分析

运用生物力学方法对1980年在江苏镇江高资镇采集的2件完全石化的人类股骨进行分析,并在常规形态观测和加速器质谱14C测年的基础上对更新世人类化石及全新世现代人股骨形态的变异进行讨论.测年数据显示,"高资人"股骨可能属于全新世现代智人,但基于CT扫描数据计算出的骨干抗压抗拉强度、抗弯强度及其他形态特征都呈现某些较全新世现代人更显古老的特征.对比分析表明,人类股骨形态及测量值因其功能状况等原因具有相当大的变异,股骨形态特征不能作为判断化石系统发育地位的最关键证据.股骨生物力学参数是其功能状况的直接反映,在人类不同演化阶段因运动行为模式差异,其相对大小在不同人群存在更加明显分异,因而生物力学分析在长骨功能状况研究上具有很大应用价值.化石石化程度不是判断其年代的可靠标准.     

甘肃北山桥湾北花岗岩体的年代学、地球化学及其地质意义

为加深对北山晚古生代构造演化的认识, 选取位于甘肃北山南带、敦煌地块北缘的桥湾北花岗岩体进行年代学、地球化学研究。桥湾北角闪石花岗岩体锆石LA-ICP MS年龄为303.7±2.4 Ma, ε_Hf(t)为-1.2~5.8, ε_Nd(t)相对较高(-0.40~-0.06), (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i =(0.704524~0.705062)。 桥湾北花岗岩体K₂O含量为4.09%~5.58%, 属高钾钙碱性岩石, A/CNK值在0.92~1.04之间, 为I型花岗岩; 微量元素较富集LILE, 相对亏损HFSE, 有明显的Nb, Ta负异常。岩体具相对富集的微弱分馏的轻稀土元素, 重稀土元素分馏不明显, 基本没有Eu异常。由Hf, Nd同位素及地球化学特征判断, 桥湾北花岗岩体为壳幔混合成因, 其形式可以是底侵的幔源岩浆再分异, 上升过程中遭受地壳物质混染。根据区域构造背景及岩石学、地球化学特征, 可以认为桥湾北岩体是北山南带后碰撞过程岩浆活动的产物, 反映出在晚石炭世北山地区的碰撞拼贴已经完成。     

Petrographic and geochemical characterization of seep carbonate from Alaminos Canyon,Gulf of Mexico

Seep carbonates were collected from the Alaminos Canyon lease area, Gulf of Mexico. The carbonates are present as slabs and blocks. Bivalve shell and foraminifer are the dominant bioclasts in carbonate. Pores are common and usually filled with acicular aragonite crystals. XRD investigation shows that aragonite is the dominate mineral （98%）. Peloids, clotted microfabirc and botryoidal aragonite are developed in carbonate and suggest a genesis linked with bacterial degradation of the hydrocarbons. The δ^13C value of bioclasts in carbonate is from -4.9‰ to -0.6‰, indicating that the carbon source is mainly from sea water as well as the small portion incorporation of the seep hydrocarbon. The microcrystalline and sparite aragonite shows the δ^13C value from -31.3‰ to -23.4‰, suggesting that their carbon is derived mainly from microbial degradation of crude oil. ^14C analyses give the radiocarbon age of about 10 ka. Rare earth elements （REE） analyses of the 5% HNO3-treated solution of the carbonates show that the total REE content of the carbonates is low, that is from 0.752 to 12.725 μg·g^-1. The shale-normalized REE patterns show significantly negative Ce anomalies. This suggests that cold seep carbonate is most likely formed in a relatively aerobic environment.     

大民屯凹陷油气充注史研究

油气充注历史的研究一直是石油地质学和油藏地球化学的重点和难点,而近年来流体定年技术的兴起为人们解决油气充注期次和时间提供了定量分析手段.利用伊利石K-Ar定年技术和流体包裹体均一温度分别研究了大民屯凹陷油气充注史.前者确定出的主充注期略晚于后者的分析结果.结合生烃史模拟资料认为:伊利石K-Ar定年结果可能更精确,但其样品挑选难度大,且只能用于砂岩油藏成藏史分析.而流体包裹体均一温度可用于碎屑岩和非碎屑岩油藏成藏史的分析.大民屯凹陷下第三系和太古界潜山油藏主充注时期为沙一二—东营早期,其中北部安福屯洼陷成藏期(沙一二期)略早于南部荣胜堡洼陷(东营早期).     

西藏洞中拉铅锌矿床石英斑岩锆石U-Pb年代学研究

探讨西藏洞中拉铅锌矿区的石英斑岩岩体归属.通过详细的地质填图,并采用LAICPMS锆石U-Pb法年龄测定技术,对石英斑岩进行年代学研究.通过石英斑岩样品中单颗粒锆石22个样品点的分析,得到其206 Pb/238U的加权平均年龄为126.9±1.1 Ma,MSWD=0.96.这一结果否认了这套岩石单元属于始新世林子宗群帕...     

热分析方法测定α粒子径迹密度及其在地质定年中的应用

将热分析法测定α粒子径迹密度应用于地质定年.用中子活化分析的方法测量了安徽马鞍山磷灰石样品中~(238)U、~(232)Th和~(147)Sm的含量.另外以Dorango磷灰石作为参考标准,用热分析方法测量了样品中α粒子的径迹含量,最后经计算得到安徽马鞍山磷灰石样品的地质年代为3.63×10~7 a.与其他地质资料比较,认为其地质年龄在3000万年左右是可信的.     

Age and genesis of the Myanmar jadeite: Constraints from U-Pb ages and Hf isotopes of zircon inclusions

Myanmar jadeite (jadeitite) is well known for its economical value and distinctive tectonic locality within the collisional belt between India and Eurasian plates. However, it is less studied for its genesis and geodynamic implications due to precipitous topography, adverse weather and local military conflicts in the area. By means of combined ICP-MS and LA-MC-ICPMS techniques, we have carried out in-situ trace elements, U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotopes for zircon inclusions in a piece of jadeite gem sample. CL imaging suggests that the zircons are metasomatic in origin, and contain mineral inclusions of jadeite and omphacite. Seventy-five analyses on 16 grains of the zircons yield a U-Pb age of 158 ± 2 Ma. The Myanmar zircons differ from other types in that they have no significant Eu anomalies despite high HREE concentrations. Measured ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf ratios range from 0.282976 to 0.283122, with an average value of 0.283066 ± 7; ε_Hf(t) value of 13.8 ± 0.3 (n=75). These results indicate that the Myanmar jadeite was formed in the Late Jurassic, probably by interaction of fluid released from subducted oceanic slab with mantle wedge. Therefore, its formation has no genetic relationship to the continental collision between Indian and Euroasian plates. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40673039) and the Science Plan Foundation of Guangdong (Grant No. 2007B031200005)     

雅鲁藏布江中下游流域地貌差异演化的岩屑磷灰石裂变径迹证据

以西藏米林派为分界点, 雅鲁藏布江中下游显示了截然不同的河流特性, 下游的雅鲁藏布大峡谷作为世界第一大峡谷, 围绕南迦巴瓦峰形成了马蹄形大拐弯, 与中游的宽谷河道显著不同. 分析了雅鲁藏布大峡谷上游米林河段和大峡谷下游地东河段的河床砂岩屑磷灰石裂变径迹(AFT)数据结果. 分析显示, 米林河段AFT年龄集中在10.7和26.8 Ma, 地东河段AFT显示年龄集中在2.5, 7.1和12.6 Ma. 由于河床砂岩屑是上游方向裂点向下到岩屑沉积点之间流域地质体经剥蚀和水流分选平均后的产物, 据此可以推定, 米林上游到加查河段流域的地质体和大峡谷下游地东以上到直白河段流域的地质体经历了不同的冷却历史. 从统计的结果上看, 米林以上到加查的中游河段地质体经历了两个不同阶段的冷却, 分别为10.7和26.8 Ma前后, 雅鲁藏布大峡谷所在流域地质体的冷却主要发生于2.5 Ma前后, 这一结果证实, 以南迦巴瓦峰为核心的东喜马拉雅构造结在2.5 Ma以来经历了快速和独特的构造地貌演化过程. 雅鲁藏布大峡谷与雅鲁藏布江中游河段的流域属于相同的大地构造单元, 即冈底斯岩带、雅鲁藏布缝合带和特提斯喜马拉雅带. 但是, 二者热史演化的迥然差异显示, 雅鲁藏布大峡谷河段流域地质体在2.5 Ma以来的冷却过程似乎不是区域构造作用的结果, 显示其可能与气候因素引起的强烈剥蚀作用密切相关.     

The existing time of Sihetun vertebrate in western Liao- ning, China---Evidence from U-Pb dating of zircon

In different opinions, the stratigraphic time of the feathered dinosaurs and early birds in Sihetun and its neighboring areas in Beipiao, western Liaoning is appointed to different epoches of eras, such as Late Jurassic, Early Cretaceous and Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous. Even the recently dating data are still very different. This note first reported the U-Pb age of (125.2±0.9) Ma of zircon separated from tuff of Sihetun vertebrates horizon. The age reveals that Sihetun vertebrate belongs to Early Cretaceous. The method is more objective, because of the strong ability of disturbance resistance and high U-Pb blocking temperature of zircons.     

辽河盆地东部凹陷新生代火山岩K-Ar地质年代学及其地质意义

辽河盆地是中、新生代发育起来的裂谷盆地,东部凹陷是辽河盆地新生代火山活动最为频繁的地区,发育大量火山岩。通过对东部凹陷测得的28个火山岩样品K-Ar年龄数据,结合区域火山岩石学、地球化学研究结果,对比前人曾发表的K-Ar年龄数据,将本区新生代火山活动分为房身泡、沙三、沙一和东营4个时期,始于65Ma,并在42～38Ma和32～25Ma经历2个活动高峰期。这为渤海湾盆地新生代构造演化乃至中国东部新生代裂谷活动研究,增加了同位素年代学方面的有力证据。