论量子力学中几率波解释及其教学

对量子力学几率波解释进入深入分析,强调力学量只有测量相互作用发生后才有确定值,并从这一观点出发,对ＥＲＰ等量子本质问题作解释。     

杂议由“机械”组成的科技术语的定名

文章认为由中文“机械”组成的术语还具有“有力作用”或与“力学”有关的词义,并且由这个含义组成的术语绝大多数定名“机械××”,忽视这个概念,将其改成“力学××”往往词不达意,并着重阐述mechanical testing定名为“机械试验”的理由。     

Emergent evolutionism,determinism and unpredictability

The fact that there exist in nature thoroughly deterministic systems whose future behavior cannot be predicted, no matter how advanced or fined-tune our cognitive and technical abilities turn out to be, has been well established over the last decades or so, essentially in the light of two different theoretical frameworks, namely chaos theory and (some deterministic interpretation of) quantum mechanics. The prime objective of this paper is to show that there actually exists an alternative strategy to ground the divorce between determinism and predictability, a way that is older than—and conceptually independent from—chaos theory and quantum mechanics, and which has not received much attention in the recent philosophical literature about determinism. This forgotten strategy—embedded in the doctrine called “emergent evolutionism”—is nonetheless far from being a mere historical curiosity that should only draw the attention of philosophers out of their concern for comprehensiveness. It has been indeed recently revived in the works of respected scientists.     

Retrocausal models for EPR

This paper takes up Huw Price׳s challenge to develop a retrocausal toy model of the Bell-EPR experiment. I develop three such models which show that a consistent, local, hidden-variables interpretation of the EPR experiment is indeed possible, and which give a feel for the kind of retrocausation involved. The first of the models also makes clear a problematic feature of retrocausation: it seems that we cannot interpret the hidden elements of reality in a retrocausal model as possessing determinate dispositions to affect the outcome of experiments. This is a feature which Price has embraced, but Gordon Belot has argued that this feature renders retrocausal interpretations “unsuitable for formal development”, and the lack of such determinate dispositions threatens to undermine the motivation for hidden-variables interpretations in the first place. But Price and Belot are both too quick in their assessment. I show that determinate dispositions are indeed consistent with retrocausation. What is more, I show that the ontological economy allowed by retrocausation holds out the promise of a classical understanding of spin and polarization.     

Can Bohmian mechanics be made background independent?

The paper presents an inquiry into the question regarding the compatibility of Bohmian mechanics, intended as a non-local theory of moving point-like particles, with background independence. This issue is worth being investigated because, if the Bohmian framework has to be of some help in developing new physics, it has to be compatible with the most well-established traits of modern physics, background independence being one of such traits. The paper highlights the fact that the notion of background independence in the context of spacetime physics is slippery and interpretation-laden. It is then suggested that the best-matching framework developed by Julian Barbour might provide a robust enough meaning of background independence. The structure of Bohmian dynamics is evaluated against this framework, reaching some intermediate results that speak in favor of the fact that Bohmian mechanics can be made background independent.     

多相流体力学及其工程应用

多相流体力学主要研究多相流体在流动时的力学问题。由于其在现代重要工程设备中的广泛应用。近数十年来多相流体力学发展迅速,已成为流体力学的一个重要分支。至今,多相流体力学已形成一门独立的新兴学科。本文主要对多相流体及其分类、多相流体力学的发展以及多相流体力学在现代工程中的应用作扼要论述。     

量子拓扑方法对硫醇的定量构效关系研究

应用密度泛函理论(DFT),在B3LYP/6-31+G(d)水平上对20硫醇的分子结构进行几何优化和量化计算.将量子化学计算的部分结果引入分子的拓扑结构中,构建新型分子量子拓扑指数(QT),与计算所得的量化参数Gibbs自由能(G)、恒容摩尔热容(CV)一起描述硫醇的量子拓扑规律.QT指数不仅能有效地区分硫醇的分子结构,而且能较好的描述硫醇理化性质及色谱保留指数的变化规律.大部分所建模型的相关系数都大于0.99.本文对构建的模型采用留一法(LOO)进行验证,结果表明所构建的模型稳健、合理、有效,该方法有望在物质的QSPR/QSAR研究中得到广泛的应用.     

钨合金破片对钢板和铝板的高速穿甲实验及数值模拟

研究钨合金破片对有限厚钢板和铝板的穿甲效应. 采用12.7 mm滑膛弹道枪,57.5 mm/14.5 mm二级轻气炮以及通靶速度测试装置组成实验系统进行3g（直径7 mm）球形钨合金破片对9.64,11.78,14.81,15.89和17.9 mm厚Q235A钢板和10.16,20.38 mm厚2A12铝板的穿甲实验,通过实验获得球形钨合金破片对不同厚度金属板的弹道极限以及对Q235A钢板的极限贯穿厚度;采用扫描电镜（SEM）对实验后回收破片进行了微观结构特征观察,分析了不同弹靶作用条件下钨合金破片的失效机理. 进行了与实验相同弹靶结构的数值模拟研究,通过数值模拟研究了破片对金属板侵彻过程中的阻力变化特征. 结果表明,钢板较高的密度是存在极限贯穿厚度的主要原因.     

RDX基PBX炸药的冲击压缩行为

采用霍普金森压杆分别对RDX基浇注PBX炸药进行了开放体系和围压体系下的冲击压缩实验,获得了两种实验条件下的动态参量,并计算了围压条件下的动态泊松比及动态杨氏模量,结合高速摄影、电镜扫描(SEM)等宏观、微观视角分析了试样的破坏机制。结果表明：两种实验条件下,试样均表现出应变率效应,无围压时试样的断裂具有脆性断裂特征;围压条件下的动态泊松比及动态杨氏模量均随应变率的增加而增大,约束条件下试样表现出一定的塑性特征;     

材料力学实验教学的创新与探索

根据材料力学教学改革进程中存在的问题,对实验教学内容、实验教学模式和实验教学管理方面提出了一些思考和探索.