月径流系列生成方法

本文首先指出,在人工生成月径流序列时应当使不同历时(包括季、年)的径流值的概率分布都能和由实测资料得到的经验分布或频率曲线相符.作者提出通过在合理范围内调整相关系数的途径来达到保持统计参数的目的.通过实例计算表明这是突际工作中一种简易可行的方法.     

基于新安江水文模型的东江流域枯水径流模拟

为了探讨新安江流域水文模型模拟流域枯水径流的可行性及精度,采用该模型对东江流域中的4个子流域进行日径流过程模拟.在采用常规的评价指标对模拟结果进行初步分析的基础上,以描述枯水径流特点的枯水特征值,例如连续多日最小平均流量、基流分割结果、枯水期模拟结果和流量历时曲线等为研究对象,探讨该模型模拟枯水径流的能力.4个子流域的研究结果表明,不论对于常规的评价指标,还是枯水特征值,用新安江流域水文模型来模拟枯水期的流量均能达到较高的精度,因此可采用该模型进行东江流域枯水径流的预测.     

Modeling on runoff concentration caused by rainfall on hillslopes and application in Maoping slope

Based on the fact that the concentration flowlines of overland flow depend on the surface landform of hillslope, a kinematic wave model was developed for simulating runoff generation and flow concentration caused by rainfall on hillslopes. The model-simulated results agree well with the experimental observations. Applying the model to the practical case of Maoping slope, we obtained the characteristics of runoff generation and infiltration on the slope. Especially, the simulated results adequately reflected the confluent pattern of surface runoff, which offers a scientific foundation for designing the drainage engineering on the Maoping slope.     

Hydrological Processes of Storm Runoff from Catchments of Different Land Uses

In this paper, a novel and efficient study on the hydrological processes of storm runoff from catchments of different land uses is conducted. The motivation is to precisely simulate the hydrological processes of storm runoff in the agricultural catchments with different patterns of land uses, i.e., forest, paddy, and upland, respectively. As it is discussed in this paper, different land use leads to different characteristics of storm runoff. In order to understand the changes in the hydrological processes of storm runoff from catchments of different land uses, the effects of rainfall intensity, initial soil moisture deficit, evapotranspiration rate, percolation rate, and retention capacity on hydrological processes of the catchments are taken into consideration. According to the principle of water balance, a general model to connect the separate hydrological processes is developed; then, the individual hydrological process is studied in detail： Firstly, the daily evaporation is calculated according to the relation between the actual evapotranspiration and the potential evapotranspiration rate; Secondly, the retention of storm runoff is plotted against the total rainfall, and the maximum storage is calculated; Thirdly, the percolation rate is calculated for each catchment.     

极大熵谱在径流时间序列周期分析中的应用

针对年径流序列存在多年变化周期,但径流时间序列变化受诸多因素影响,存在着多种不确定性的情况,笔者采用极大熵谱分析来提取径流时间序列的周期成分,对黄河上游贵德站年径流时间序列进行周期分析,得出贵德站具有12.5,5.9,4和3年的主周期。结果证明该方法可行,同时其结论为研究径流预测提供了科学的依据。     

城市雨水利用技术探讨

根据目前雨水利用存在的径流污染情况,从雨水污染源规划-地表径流处理-雨水收集口的设置-雨水汇处理的一个完整的雨水处理系统进行分析。城市雨水作为水资源利用的一种新的开源节流方法,不仅具有经济效益、还具有社会效益和生态效益,同时能达到生活和工业用水的要求。     

城市地表径流人工湿地生态处理工程

以武汉市桃花岛塘和人工湿地组合生态处理系统为研究对象，探讨了该系统处理城市地表径流的初期调试运行，结果表明：塘和人工湿地组合生态系统可以有效的处理城市地表径流，该生态系统对各污染物的去除率分别为CODcr，75．4％-79．1％、TP81．8％～8413％、TN64．9％-69．8％、SS93．8％-94．7％；其中人工湿地对其进水中污染物CODcr，TP、TN、SS的去除率分别为60．7％-64．8％、73．4％-75．6％、43．2％-48．4％、60．3％-66．4％，污染去除负荷达到COD0．01kg／（m^2d）。在无雨期该生态系统可以处理一部分城市生活污水，实现削减污染和保持系统稳定的双重功能。     

城市雨水径流污染模型参数优化方法研究

为了优化雨水径流污染模型参数,比较了四种不依赖模型具体数学表达形式的基于最小二乘法原理的参数估计算法,包括拟牛顿法、单纯形法、模式搜索算法和遗传算法,还比较研究了四种优化算法在收敛速度,收敛稳定形和准确性及初始值等方面对优化结果的影响.研究结果表明,拟牛顿法收敛速度最快,单纯形法稳定性最好,遗传算法对初始值最不敏感.在此基础上,提出优化雨水径流污染模型参数的计算方法,应结合遗传算法和单纯形等方法进行,该方法能够利用多次降雨事件记录的径流污染数据,同时优化污染物累积模型和污染物暴雨冲刷模型参数,为雨水径流污染模拟的模型选择和参数优化提供了较好的通用方法.     

径流序列的相空间重构神经网络预测模型

在水文水资源领域中引入混沌理论，将相空间重构理论与神经网络理论相结合，提出了径流时间序列预测模型．通过相空间重构，把一维径流时间序列拓展为多维序列，而多维序列可挖掘更为丰富的信息，有利于神经网络的训练．研究表明，利用神经网络建模可以较好地解决非线性问题，使预测更符合实际．以汉江石泉水库逐月平均入库径流序列为例，建立了径流时间序列相空间重构与神经网络耦合预测模型，计算结果表明，模型有较高的预测精度．     

Discharge water quality models of storm runoff in a catchment

The relationships between the water qualities of nitrogen and phosphorous contents in the discharge water and the discharge of storm runoff of an experimental catchment including terraced paddy field are analyzed based on experiment results of the catchment. By summarizing the currently related research on water quality models, the water quality models of different components of storm runoff of the catchment are presented and verified with the experiment data of water quality analyses and the corresponding discharge of the storm runoffs during 3 storms. Through estimating the specific discharge of storm runoff, the specific load of different components of nitrogen and phosphorus in the discharge water of the catchment can be forecasted by the models. It is found that the mathematical methods of linear regression are very useful for analysis of the relationship between the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus and the water discharge of storm runoff. It is also found that the most content of the nitrogen (75%) in the discharge water is organic, while half of the content (49%) of phosphorus in the discharge water is inorganic.