不同极性的溶剂与黄芪饮片在微波场中升温行为的研究

研究了水(强极性)、无水乙醇(中等极性)、正己烷(弱极性)分别与中药饮片组成的体系在微波作用下饮片内部以及溶剂主体温度的升温规律,发现在微波辐射下,3个体系中饮片内部的温度均大于溶剂主体温度,形成了由内到外的温度梯度,内外温度梯度的大小为正己烷-黄芪>无水乙醇-黄芪>水-黄芪。由此得出微波辐射下饮片内部与溶剂主体之间形成的温度梯度与有效成分的传质方向一致。而在常规加热情况下,温度梯度与传质方向是相反的。     

采用气相色谱-质谱法分析药对麻黄-羌活的挥发油

采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法分离测定了药对麻黄-羌活、单味药麻黄和羌活的挥发油,并对其重叠色谱峰采用化学计量学解析法进行了分辨,得到药对和各单味药的纯色谱曲线和质谱。药对麻黄-羌活、单味药麻黄和羌活分辨出的色谱峰,通过质谱库对其进行定性,分别得到58,51和52个定性结果,占总含量的83.75%,88.70%和80.79%。实验结果表明:药对麻黄-羌活中挥发油化学成分有40种来自羌活,13种来自麻黄,新产生了10种化合物。     

柴胡与大叶柴胡的鉴别

柴胡为常用中药，品种较多，来源复杂，特别是与其同属的植物大叶柴胡的根茎及根有较大的毒性，如不注意鉴别，便会引起中毒死亡。本文对柴胡与大叶柴胡作了植物形态、外观性状、显微特征与理化鉴别等生药学对照鉴别，为识别柴胡与大叶柴胡，提供了参考依据。     

葛根HPLC指纹图谱及模式识别研究

采用高效液相色谱法,建立9种不同产地的葛根样品的指纹图谱,并利用化学计量学中的主成分分析和聚类分析方法对所得到的葛根HPLC指纹图谱进行模式识别的研究,实现了9种不同产地葛根样品的分类.本研究获得的指纹图谱较全面的反映不同产地的葛根的特征差异,可为葛根的质量控制及综合评价奠定基础.     

黄牡丹花粉母细胞减数分裂过程的细胞遗传学观察

对黄牡丹花粉母细胞的减数分裂过程进行了全面的观察，发现在其减数分裂中存在诸如单价体、四价体、多价体、同源染色体联会不分离，后期Ⅰ～Ⅱ染色体桥及染色体断片、落后染色体、微核等一系列异常现象．统计了异常现象出现的频率；从细胞遗传学水平上分析了黄牡丹在野外结实率低与花粉母细胞减数分裂异常的关系．     

新疆杨植株再生体系的建立

从培养基筛选、激素调控等方面探索建立新疆杨高效植株再生体系。结果表明，不同种类的细胞分裂素影响叶盘不定芽分化频率，其中较低浓度的TDZ(Thidiazuron)可显提高叶盘不定芽分化频率，生长素的种类与浓度对叶盘不定芽分化影响不显。较适合新疆杨不定芽分化的培养基为：1／2MS TDZ0．005mg／L BA0．25mg／L IAA0．5mg／L；壮苗培养基为：MS BA0．2mg／L IAA0．2mg／L；生根培养基为：1／2MS。在此条件下，不定芽分化频率可达100％。     

牡丹种间花粉粒形态差异性比较

利用扫描电子显微镜对三种牡丹不同品种的花粉形态进行了观察研究,报道了花粉形态特征和种闻差异,探讨了花粉形态特征在种间演化的分类学意义。结果表明,牡丹属牡丹组成熟花粉粒形态大小和外壁纹饰存在着种间差异。     

化学浸提法研究中药党参中活性铝的溶出及形态分布

利用KCl,NH4Ac,HCl,NaOH 4种浸提液将中药党参中存在的铝浸提溶出,得到党参中铝的不同形态,采用铬天青S(CAS)分光光度法进行定量测定,得到中药党参中活性铝的形态分布,并对影响铝溶出的若干因子进行了探讨.浸提液中铝的回收率为97.0%～109.3%.     

基于白色念珠菌体外抑菌效果的复方苦参洗剂抑菌作用评价

观察复方苦参洗剂中君、臣、佐各药组联合抑菌性质以及协同增效作用。采用加热回流水提法提取各药组获得相应提取液,采用二倍稀释法测得相应各药组单用及联合对白色念珠菌的最低抑菌浓度(ρMIC)，采用联合抑菌指数（IFIC）判定两药组联合抑菌作用性质。结果显示，8味中药水提液的ρMIC范围为7.50 ~30.00 mg/mL,君、臣、佐各药组的 ρMIC范围为4.01 ~21.00 mg/mL，复方组ρMIC为2.22 mg/mL，黄柏+苦参、黄柏+白矾、花椒+白矾的IFIC≤0.5，黄柏+花椒、苦参+花椒、苦参+白矾3组0.5＜IFIC≤1；君药组+臣药组IFIC=0.375 0，君药组+佐药组IFIC=0.750 0，臣药组+佐药组IFIC=1.000 0。复方组及君药组的联合抑菌效果明显强于单味中药的抑菌效果，黄柏、苦参、花椒、白矾4味君药对白色念珠菌抑菌活性较强，复方苦参洗剂抑菌效果的增强与各药组抑菌作用的协同和相加有关。     

The distribution of New Zealand and Australian terrestrial flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Turbellaria: Tricladida: Terricola) in the British Isles—the Scottish survey and MEGALAB WORMS

The New Zealand flatworm, Artioposthia triangulata, and the Australian flatworm, Caenoplana alba, have become quite widespread in the British Isles since their introduction, probably in the early 1960s. They are considered as pest species since they eat earthworms and consequently may affect soil structure and fertility. The distribution of the two species has been recorded by two surveys: a Scottish survey between 1991 and 1993, and a national survey, MEGALAB WORMS, in March 1995. The latter was organized as part of National Science Week by BBC TV Tomorrow's World, The Daily Telegraph newspaper and the Office of Public Service and Science. Results of both surveys are presented as distribution maps of confirmed records. New Zealand flatworms are common and widespread in Northern Ireland and Central Scotland, and occur less commonly in other parts of Scotland, and in Northern England. There are a few scattered records from Southern England. The Scottish survey has resulted in retrospective distribution maps. Australian flatworms are widespread in South West England, and are found in several places in North West England. There are also records from South and North Wales, Northern Ireland and one from Southern Scotland. There were many false and negative reports. There are records of both species from the Republic of Ireland.