当代孝文化的局限及发展

社会经济的快速发展,家庭模式的进一步核心化,特别是独生子女政策的实施,使得家庭养老功能进一步被极大削弱,家庭已经无法承担完全性的赡养责任。然而,当代孝文化及相应的法律法规依然强调家庭的养老责任以及子女的绝对赡养义务,这使得家庭及子女面临更多的现实挑战及制约。     

高温老化对粘土降滤失剂体系滤失作用研究

考察了高温老化对降滤失剂SMPFL与钠蒙脱土Na-MMT复配体系的滤失性能及影响规律,通过体系黏度、红外光谱、SEM及Zeta电位等考察了体系的高温失稳机理。老化前SMPFL在Na-MMT表面的吸附造成颗粒Zeta电势、水化膜厚度以及颗粒间斥力增加,而且使颗粒在泥饼中松散堆积增大了泥饼渗透率,滤失量的降低主要原因是体系黏度的增高;虽然高温造成Na-MMT/SMPFL体系滤失量增大,但老化后SMPFL仍具有良好的控滤失性能。高温老化造成Na-MMT与SMPFL间氢键作用力减弱,加速聚合物从颗粒表面的脱附、减小颗粒水化膜厚度,而且导致SMPFL的水解。与老化前相比,老化后体系滤失量的降低主要原因是泥饼渗透率的降低。     

基于表观黏度的新疆岩沥青改性沥青的老化动力性能研究

本文通过室内模拟老化试验,探究了不同老化条件下基质沥青和新疆岩沥青改性沥青表观黏度的变化规律,以黏度为参数建立了老化动力学模型,求得老化反应活化能和老化反应总速率等动力学参数。研究表明：短期老化过程中两种沥青的表观黏度呈指数增长;改性沥青具有更低的反应速率和更高的活化能;所建立模型的计算值与实测值相关性较高;能够准确的表征新疆岩沥青改性沥青和基质沥青老化过程中表观黏度的变化规律。     

Processing and characterization of the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al6061–TiB2 composite

In the present research, aluminum metal matrix composites were processed by the stir casting technique. The effects of TiB2 rein-forcement particles, severe plastic deformation through accumulative roll bonding (ARB), and aging treatment on the microstructural charac-teristics and mechanical properties were also evaluated. Uniaxial tensile tests and microhardness measurements were conducted, and the micro-structural characteristics were investigated. Notably, the important problems associated with cast samples, including nonuniformity of the rein-forcement particles and high porosity content, were solved through the ARB process. At the initial stage, particle-free zones, as well as particle clusters, were observed on the microstructure of the composite. However, after the ARB process, fracturing phenomena occurred in brittle ceramic particles, followed by breaking down of the fragments into fine particles as the number of rolling cycles increased. Subsequently, com-posites with a uniform distribution of particles were produced. Moreover, the tensile strength and microhardness of the ARB-processed com-posites increased with the increase in the reinforcement mass fraction. However, their ductility exhibited a different trend. With post-deforma-tion aging treatment (T6), the mechanical properties of composites were improved because of the formation of fine Mg2Si precipitates.     

厦门市老年体育工作的现状及对策

对厦门市老年体育工作的政策保障、经费来源、组织与指导、城乡结对共建、宣传和对外交流方面的调研发现,厦门市老年体育工作存在着各行业老体协服务功能退化,健身辅导员和社会体育指导员未能发挥应有作用,社区老年人体育场地设施使用受限、利用率较低,专业服务人员少、相关科研机构缺失,缺乏非政府组织的积极参与等问题。为实现"健康老龄化"的目标,厦门市应加大对体育非政府组织的指导,加强社区对老年体育的组织、协调、管理、凝聚、整合和服务功能,建立各级社会体育健身指导员的考核奖惩、登记注册等制度,开放社区教育系统体育场地,树立示范老年体育指导站(点),提升服务老年体育工作的专业水平和能力,加强对老年人体育健身活动的科学指导。     

亚微米Al2O3P/Al-Cu-Mg复合材料时效过程的DSC分析

运用DSC分析的手段研究了两种基体合金化的亚微米Al2O3P/Al-Cu-Mg复合材料的时效行为。Al-Cu-Mg合金中时效过程明显,改变Cu、Mg元素含量抑制了时效析出过程。复合材料中,添加亚微米Al2O3颗粒使得G.P.区受到完全抑制,亚稳相的时效析出变得困难;提高Cu含量,在一定程度上促进了复合材料的时效析出。     

共沉淀法制备镁锰双金属氢氧化物及表征

以氯化镁、氯化锰、氢氧化钠及碳酸钠为原料,采用共沉淀法合成镁锰双金属氢氧化物(Mg-Mn-LDH).探讨镁锰摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间等条件对镁锰双金属氢氧化物(Mg-Mn-LDH)结晶性的影响.通过XRD和SEM对产物结晶性、组成结构等进行表征.实验结果表明,在镁锰摩尔比3∶1、反应温度40℃、反应3h、长陈化时间和反应体系pH 13下,制备出的产物的结晶性最好,层状结构也最清晰.     

橡胶沥青胶结料的老化与再生研究

采用热氧老化的方法研究了老化对橡胶沥青胶结料粘弹性的影响规律,并通过添加再生剂对其软化点、针入度和延度等性能进行恢复。实验结果表明,老化后基质沥青和橡胶沥青的软化点升高、针入度变小、延度降低;老化过程中,基质沥青软化点和针入度的衰减率均大于橡胶沥青,但延度的衰减率则小于橡胶沥青;再生剂能够恢复橡胶沥青性能,但和原样沥青相比,软化点和延度有所降低,针入度则略有增加;延度的再生恢复效率最高,其次是针入度和软化点。     

Effects of baria on propane oxidation activity of Pd/Al2O3 catalyst: Pd–BaO interactio n and reaction routes

The BaO-modified Pd/Al2O3exhibits much better catalytic activity than Pd/Al2O3for C3H8 oxidation both before and after the hydrothermal aging treatment. Further studies ascribe its good activity to the influence of BaO species on the physicochemical characteristics of the catalyst and the reaction routes. Firstly, the BaO species inhibits the phase transformation of alumina, resulting in higher surface area of the catalysts and hereby a better dispersion of Pd. Secondly, the basic nature and electron-withdrawing effect of barium oxide maintain palladium at high oxidation state, which leads to a higher PdO content on surface of the BaO-modified catalyst. Finally, the formation/decomposition of carbonate/bicarbonate species can be promoted by the addition of BaO, which provide extra reaction routes and are important for the deep oxidation of C3H8.     

SBS改性沥青的阶段性老化特征与机理

采用荧光显微镜、红外光谱和凝胶色谱等微观试验,分析苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)改性沥青老化过程中的微观相态结构、沥青相的吸氧程度及分子尺寸构成的变化情况.试验与分析结果表明,SBS改性沥青存在着2个明显的老化阶段:第1阶段,沥青吸氧速率较低、小分子比例基本不变,SBS颗粒尺寸逐渐减小并最终发生凝聚、离析,导致SBS改性沥青的韧性逐渐下降,直至完全丧失;第2阶段,沥青吸氧速率显著增大、小分子比例减少,由于SBS降解后苯乙烯仍起到改性作用,使沥青稠度增大,从而沥青软化点呈上升趋势.