温拌沥青混合料中沥青在施工阶段的老化程度

按照确定的抽提、蒸馏方法回收沥青,测试从不同施工温度的沥青混合料中回收得到沥青的各项指标.从测试结果可以看出,不同温度的沥青混合料在施工过程中,其沥青老化的程度随着温度的升高而增加.从回收沥青粘度-温度变化趋势可以看出,沥青混合料的施工温度达到150 ℃时,其中的沥青老化程度开始急剧增加.温拌技术(例如,拌和温度在100 ℃和120 ℃时)可大大缓解混合料中沥青的老化程度.     

Effect of ZnO nanoparticles on anti-aging properties of polyurethane coating

Polyurethane nano-coatings were prepared by adding nano-concentrates with nanometer zinc oxide （nano-ZnO） to polyurethane coating. The dispersion state of nanoparticles was observed by TEM images. SEM observation and FT-IR analysis indicate that the nano-coating with 1% ZnO nanoparticles can retain better morphological structure than the nano-coating with 5% ZnO nanoparticles after 500 h accelerated aging. It is known from XPS analysis that the anti-oxidation properties of polyurethane coating are enhanced by 1% ZnO nanoparticles through the nano-network and destroyed by 5% ZnO nanoparticles due to the strong light catalysis. A small change in capacitances of nano-coatings with 1% ZnO nanoparticles before and after accelerated aging indicates that 1% ZnO nanoparticles improve the corrosion resistance of coating, while a large increase in capacitances of nano-coating with 5% ZnO nanoparticles before and after accelerated aging demonstrates that 5% ZnO nanoparticles damage the corrosion resistance of coating.     

时效处理对Custom455钢性能和组织的影响

对马氏体时效不锈钢Custom455时效过程中发生的组织转变进行分析研究,在组织转变研究的基础上对Custom455时效处理后钢中的组织结构与力学性能的关系做出了理论上的解释。结果表明,560℃时效时该钢的机械性能最佳。从而确定了该马氏体时效不锈钢制作弹簧的最佳时效工艺为560—580℃2h时效处理。经此处理后,弹簧具有优良的综合机械性能以及良好的耐腐蚀性能。     

紫外老化对沥青性能影响的研究

紫外线辐射是导致沥青老化的主要因素之一.研究了沥青紫外老化前后的物理性能与流变性能,并与热老化前后的物理性能与流变性能进行了对比.低温弯曲梁流变试验(BBR)表明沥青紫外老化后低温抗裂性能减弱.因此,在强烈紫外线作用下导致沥青使用寿命明显缩短,并会产生一系列相关路面病害.     

Cu-Nb-Ni-Cr-Mo钢的析出硬化

测定了不同Ｃｕ含量的Ｃｕ－Ｎｂ－Ｎｉ－Ｃｒ－Ｍｏ钢在４５０￣６５０℃时效时的硬度变化曲线,并结合光学金相与电镜观察分析了时效过程中的组织变化与脱溶沉淀行为,实验结果表明：时效硬化是ε－Ｃｕ析出强化,Ｎｂ的碳氮化物以及含Ｃｒ的碳化物强化综合作用的结果;相同时效温度下含Ｃｒ碳化物的时效峰在时铲后期出现;在低铜钢中,时效前期出现的ε－Ｃｕ时效峰与Ｎｂ的碳氮化的时效峰重叠;在高铜钢中,由于铜含量升高,ε－     

12Cr1MoV耐热钢高温加热过程中位错组态的TEM研究

用透射电子显微镜(TEM)对12Cr1MoV珠光体耐热钢的位错组态和其他细节进行了观察和分析.结果表明,在12Cr1MoV正火后的高温回火和高温长时间加热过程中,12Cr1MoV中的相变位错首先发生部分回复,接着出现了位错胞结构,随后位错密度大大降低.最终,12Cr1MoV钢在高温时效后形成了低密度的线状位错组态,构成了比较稳定的位错网络.以上这些微结构变化伴随着材料力学性能的退化.     

The comparative biology of neuromelanin and lipofuscin in the human brain

Neuromelanin and lipofuscin are two pigments produced within the human brain that, until recently, were considered inert cellular waste products of little interest to neuroscience. Recent research has increased our understanding of the nature and interactions of these pigments with their cellular environment and suggests that these pigments may, indeed, influence cellular function. The physical appearance and distribution of the pigments within the human brain differ, but both accumulate in the aging brain and the pigments share some structural features. Lipofuscin accumulation has been implicated in postmitotic cell aging, while neuromelanin is suggested to function as an iron-regulatory molecule with possible protective functions within the cells which produce this pigment. This review presents comparative aspects of the biology of neuromelanin and lipofuscin, as well as a discussion of their hypothesized functions in brain and their possible roles in aging and neurodegenerative disease.     

Molecular genetics of RecQ helicase disorders

The RecQ helicases belong to the Superfamily II group of DNA helicases, and are defined by amino acid motifs that show sequence similarity to the catalytic domain of Escherichia coli RecQ. RecQ helicases have crucial roles in the maintenance of genome stability. In humans, there are five RecQ helicases and deficiencies in three of them cause genetic disorders characterised by cancer predisposition, premature aging and/or developmental abnormalities. RecQ helicase-deficient cells exhibit aberrant genetic recombination and/or DNA replication, which result in chromosomal instability and a decreased potential for proliferation. Here, we review the current knowledge of the molecular genetics of RecQ helicases, focusing on the human RecQ helicase disorders and mouse models of these conditions. Received 9 March 2007; received after revision 26 April 2007; accepted 2 May 2007     

Human progeroid syndromes,aging and cancer: new genetic and epigenetic insights into old questions

Disorders in which individuals exhibit certain features of aging early in life are referred to as segmental progeroid syndromes. With the progress that has been made in understanding the etiologies of these conditions in the past decade, potential therapeutic options have begun to move from the realm of improbability to initial stages of testing. Among these syndromes, relevant advances have recently been made in Werner syndrome, one of several progeroid syndromes characterized by defective DNA helicases, and Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, which is characterized by aberrant processing of the nuclear envelope protein lamin A. Although best known for their causative roles in these illnesses, Werner protein and lamin A have also recently emerged as key players vulnerable to epigenetic changes that contribute to tumorigenesis and aging. These advances further demonstrate that understanding progeroid syndromes and introducing adequate treatments will not only prove beneficial to patients suffering from these dramatic diseases, but will also provide new mechanistic insights into cancer and normal aging processes. Received 28 July 2006; received after revision 5 September 2006; accepted 13 October 2006     

Calorie restriction and the nutrient sensing signaling pathways

Calorie restriction (CR) is the most potent regimen known to extend the life span in multiple species. CR has also been shown to ameliorate several age-associated disorders in mammals and perhaps humans. CR induces diverse metabolic changes in organisms, and it is currently unclear whether and how these metabolic changes lead to life span extension. Recent studies in model systems have provided insight into the molecular mechanisms by which CR extends life span. In this review, we summarize and provide recent updates on multiple nutrient signaling pathways that have been connected to CR and longevity regulation. The roles of highly conserved longevity regulators – the Sirtuin family – in CR are also discussed. Received 25 August 2006; received after revision 9 October 2006; accepted 13 December 2006