根溪河小流域高程和坡度对水土流失现状的影响

为了探讨福建省长汀水土流失严重的原因,选取地形因子中的高程和坡度,结合“3S”的空间分析技术,对根溪河小流域的水土流失现状进行分析.研究表明:流域内海拔为300～350m所占的面积最大,比例为34.06%,而坡度在25～35°之间的面积最大,占总面积的27.27%;海拔在300～400m之间,因人类活动频繁而又缺乏合理规划与保护措施,导致此区域内成为水土流失分布最广和最严重的地带,而坡度为15～20°的土壤侵蚀率最高.     

The controlling factors and distribution prediction of H_2S formation in marine carbonate gas reservoir,China

Generally, there are some anhydrites in carbonate reservoir, as H2S is also familiar in carbonate oil and gas reservoirs. Nowadays, natural gas with high H2S concentration is usually considered as TSR origin, so there is close relationship between H2S and anhydrite. On the contrary, some carbonate rocks with anhydrite do not contain H2S. Recently, researches show that H2S is only a necessary condition of H2S formation. The reservoir porosity, sulfate ion content within formation water, reservoir temperature, oil/gas and water interface, hydrocarbon and some elements of reservoir rock have great controlling effects on the TSR occurrence. TSR deoxidizes hydrocarbon into the acidic gas such as H2S and CO2, and the H2S formation is controlled by TSR occurrence, so the relationship among reaction room, the contact chance of sulfate ion and hydrocarbon, the reservoir temperature has great influence on the TSR reaction. H2S has relatively active chemical quality, so it is still controlled by the content of heavy metal ion. Good conditions of TSR reaction and H2S preservation are the prerequisite of H2S distribution prediction. This paper builds a predictive model based on the characteristic of natural gas reservoir with high H2S-bearing. In the porosity reservoir with anhydrite, the formation water is rich in sulfate and poor in heavy metal ion. Oil and gas fill and accumulate in the gas reservoir with good preservation conditions, and they suffered high temperature later, which indicates the profitable area of natural gas with high H2S-bearing.     

阜新盆地王营-刘家煤层气藏成藏机理

王营-刘家煤层气藏是阜新盆地最具开发前景的两个煤层气藏.从成藏条件(包括煤层空间展布、资源丰度、储层特征、封闭条件)和成藏过程(煤层气的形成和地下水动力学特征)两个方面对其成藏机理进行了系统探讨.提出:(1)王营-刘家煤层气藏主要以多煤层、巨厚煤层为特征.煤层气含量在6～10 m3/t左右,资源丰度巨大;(2)这两个煤层气藏形成于古近纪,新近纪至今为调整改造阶段,二者的边界为平安F2断层;(3)早白垩世末期主煤层就已经成熟并开始生烃(R0=0.5%～0.8%).次生热成因、次生生物成因气并存.喜山期的岩浆活动造成煤的接触变质并发生二次生烃,但影响有限;(4)该煤层气藏形成后的调整与改造都利于煤的储气能力增加;(5)岩墙的存在沟通了所有含水层和煤层,从而造成多煤层统一成藏.图5,参12.     

Clay minerals in surface sediments of the Pearl River drainage basin and their contribution to the South China Sea

Clay minerals have played a significant role in the study of the East Asian monsoon evolution in the South China Sea by being able to track oceanic current variations and to reveal contemporaneous paleoclimaUc changes prevailing in continental source areas. As one of the most important rivers inputting terrigenous matters to the northern South China Sea, the Pearl River was not previously paid attention to from the viewpoint of clay mineralogy. This paper presents a detailed study on clay minerals in surface sediments collected from the Pearl River drainage basin （including all three main channels, various branches, and the Lingdingyang in the estuary） by using the X-ray diffraction （XRD） method. The results indicate that the clay mineral assemblage consists dominantly of kaolinite （35%-65%）, lesser abundance of chlorite （20%-35%） and illite （12%-42%）, and very scare smectite occurrences （generally 〈5%）. Their respective distribution does not present any obvious difference throughout the Pearl River drainage basin. However, downstream the Pearl River to the northern South China Sea, the clay mineral assemblage varies significantly： kaolinite decreases gradually, smecUte and illite increase gradually. Additionally, illite chemistry index steps down and illite crystallinity steps up. These variations indicate the contribution of major kaolinite, lesser illite and chlorite, and very scarce smecUte to the northern South China Sea from the Pearl River drainage basin. The maximum contribution of clay minerals from the Pearl River is 72% to the northern margin and only 15% to the northern slope of the South China Sea. In both glacials and interglacials, kaolinite indicates that the ability of mechanical erosion occurred in the Pearl River drainage basin.     

唐诗中的伍子胥信仰与传说

以唐代文学中的诗歌为主,就伍子胥及其相关之信仰与传说(伍子胥庙、钱塘江涛、罗剎石),做更深层次的探讨,企图呈现出伍子胥在唐代更为丰富多彩的面貌。     

怒江水电开发与环境保护

怒江水电开发,国内议论较多,争论也很激烈.怒江是三江并流的主要组成部分.对三江并流作了简要介绍,提出怒江不宜全水头进行水电开发,应以不损害自然景观及人文景观为前提,力求自然景观与人文景观和谐并存,建设更加美丽的怒江;可开发河段,既要将水资源充分利用,又要保护好怒江的自然景观和生态环境,也就是保护好三江并流这一世界自然遗产的完整性和自然性,真正做到开发怒江水电,保护自然环境,实现经济、社会、资源与环境相互协调和可持续发展,构建和谐社会.     

岩心磁组构分析古水流方向的原理与应用

目的针对鄂尔多斯盆地天环拗陷南段延长组开展磁组构古水流研究。方法通过测量岩心样品的磁化率各向异性,分析磁组构特征,结合矿物岩石学特征综合开展岩心古水流方向判识。结果延长组碎屑岩的古水流方向为NE—SW,NW—SE和NS向,分别代表西南、西北和北部3个方向的物质供给。结论磁组构分析古水流方向与轻重矿物组合法判断的物源方向一致,表明应用磁组构分析钻井岩心古水流方向的方法是可行、可靠的,利用磁组构分析方法恢复古水流方向,判识物源具有较好的应用前景。     

Daily variation of carbon flux in soils of Populus euphratica forests in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River

In order to lucubrate the daily variation of respiration in soils of Populus euphratica forests and analyze its relationship with environmental factors in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River, the LI-8100 instrument of soil CO2 flux system was used to measure the parameters of soil carbon flux and air temperature 10 cm above ground surface along the profiles of Usyman, Archy River, Yengisu and Karday, and the relationships between the soil carbon flux and the soil moisture content were analyzed. The nonlinear regression analysis was carried out with the software SPSS13.0. We observed that: (1) soil respiration began to be restrained when the air temperature was up to 30℃10 cm above the ground surface; (2) the rates of soil respiration under the forests of Populus euphratica were significantly different at various moisture contents, the soil carbon flux was high along the Usyman profile, which has a high soil moisture content, and it was low along the profiles of Archy River, Yengisu and Karday, which has a low soil moisture content; (3) the exponential model can be used to explain the relationship between soil respiration and air temperature 10 cm above the ground surface. The average Q10 values along the profiles of Usyman, Archy River, Yengisu and Karday are 0. 61, 0.16, 0. 22 and 0. 35 respectively, much lower than the average of the world; (4) there is a positive correlation between the soil carbon flux and the soil moisture content.     

三塘湖盆地中、上三叠统划分及分布

目的明确三塘湖盆地中、上三叠统小泉沟群在盆地内部各凹陷的分布及地层划分和时代归属等问题。方法依据新获得的较为丰富的动、植物及孢粉化石资料,综合归纳前人研究成果进行充分讨论及对比。结果中、晚三叠世,马朗—方方梁—苇北地区呈隆起状态,遭受风化剥蚀,故马朗凹陷缺失中、上三叠统,盆地西北部的汉水泉凹陷、条湖凹陷和东南部的淖毛湖凹陷为湖泊,接受了中、上三叠统沉积。结论三塘湖盆地由于受晚海西构造运动的影响,致使盆地整体抬升并褶皱,未接受上二叠统和下三叠统沉积。     

嘉陵江中游地区宗教旅游资源开发研究

嘉陵江中游地区宗教旅游资源丰富，极具开发价值，对其合理开发利用，推出宗教文化旅游，是促进该区域旅游业发展的有效选择之一。作者分析了嘉陵江中游地区宗教旅游资源的特点，指出目前开发利用中存在的问题，并提出进一步开发的对策与建议。