增加投喂频率改善彭泽鲫对饲料糖的利用

用分别含20%（低）、40%（高）葡萄糖和糊精的4种等氮（粗蛋白为35.5%）、等能(16.8 kJ·g-1)饲料饲养平均尾重为3.7±0.3 g彭泽鲫16周,投饲率为4%左右,研究投喂频率分别为每天2次和每天6次时鲫鱼对糖利用性的差异.结果显示,鲫鱼的增重率、饲料效率和蛋白质效率都随投喂频率增加而显著提高 (〖WTBX〗P〖WTBZ〗<0.001).投喂频率为每天2次时,增重率表现为高糖组显著低于低糖组 (〖WTBX〗P〖WTBZ〗=0.003),葡萄糖组显著低于糊精组(〖WTBX〗P〖WTBZ〗=0.003),蛋白质沉积率表现为糊精组显著高于葡萄糖组(〖WTBX〗P〖WTBZ〗<0.05);投喂频率为每天6次时,增重率无显著差异,糖源和糖水平对蛋白质沉积率的影响均无显著差异.脂肪和能量沉积率也有相似的趋势,且高糖组脂肪沉积率接近或大于100%,提示有大量糖类转化为体脂.投喂频率增加,体脂含量显著增加 (〖WTBX〗P〖WTBZ〗<0.001).投喂频率为每天6次时,高葡萄糖组体脂含量显著低于其它各组.鱼体粗蛋白、粗灰分及水分含量受饲料糖种类、水平及投喂频率的影响不明显.高糖组糖化血红蛋白含量显著高于低糖组(〖WTBX〗P〖WTBZ〗<0.001),血浆甘油三酯及胆固醇各组无显著差异.上述结果提示增加投喂频率显著改善鲫鱼对饲料糖的利用,其原因可能与削弱或消除代谢通量迁移有关.     

江西省彭泽鲫鱼养殖现状及产业化发展对策

在概述我国彭泽鲫（Carassius auratus var.Pengze）养殖发展趋势基础上,对江西省过去彭泽鲫产业发展中的经验、教训等进行了总结,对其发展现状、存在问题进行了阐述,对彭泽鲫健康养殖和产业化发展对策进行了探讨,并提出了具体的可行性建议。     

Induction of gynogenesis in red crucian carp using spermatozoa of blunt snout bream

Gynogenetic diploid was induced in red crucian carp (RCC) ( Carassius auratus Red Variety) eggs using UV-irradiated spermatozoa from blunt snout bream (B) (Megalobrama amblycephaia) or from mirror carp (C) (Cyprinus carpio. L) . Spermatozoa were genetically inactivated by an appropriate UV dosage, and then the maternal DNA was duplicated with cold shock at 0-4℃. When using the spermatozoa of B, the fertilization rate, hatching rate and survival at first feeding were 52. 6±3. 0 %, 23.6±4.1 % and15.7±3.4 % , respectively, and the survival at first feeding was significantly higher than that (11.3±2.2%) when using the spermatozoa of C (Cyprinus carpio. L). According to the morphological characteristics, the chromosome number and the degree of gonadal development, gynogenetic RCC could be distinguished from the control hybrids of RCC♀×B♂. The individuals with red body color, 100 chromosomes and normal gonadal development were successful gynogenetic RCC, while the individuals with 124 or 148 chromosomes and delayed gonadal development were hybrids of (RCC×B). The triploid hybrids (RCC×B) (2 years old) were sterile, but the tetraploid hybrids (RCC×B) were sexually mature age of two. In the present study, compared to the spermatozoa of C, the advantages of spermatozoa of B as the activation source were that could increase the survival at first feeding of gynogenetic individuals and simplify the confirmation of gynogenetic status, which suggested that the sperm of B was an effective activation source for inducing gynogenesis in crucian carp.     

饲喂两种中药配方对异育银鲫巨噬细胞免疫机能的影响

配制3种分别含0.03%强普素、0.5%中药组方和1%中药组方的饲料,投喂异育银鲫30 d后分离纯化头肾巨噬细胞,用于测定巨噬细胞吞噬力和巨噬细胞呼吸氧爆发.结果显示,0.5%中药组异育银鲫头肾巨噬细胞吞噬力和呼吸氧爆发最强,其次为1%中药组,与对照组相比差异显著(P＜0.05),而强普素组巨噬细胞吞噬力和呼吸氧爆发与对照组比无显著差异(P＞0.05).研究表明,0.5%和1%中药组方能够显著增强异育银鲫头肾巨噬细胞的吞噬力和呼吸氧爆发强度.对提高异育银鲫的免疫机能有显著作用.     

Induction of gynogenesis in red crucian carp using spermatozoa of blunt snout bream

Gynogenetic diploid was induced in red crucian carp (RCC) (Carassius auratus Red Variety) eggs using UV-irradiated spermatozoa from blunt snout bream (B) (Megalobrama amblycephala) or from mirror carp (C) (Cyprinus carpio. L). Spermatozoa were genetically inactivated by an appropriate UV dosage, and then the maternal DNA was duplicated with cold shock at 0-4℃. When using the spermatozoa of B, the fertilization rate, hatching rate and survival at first feeding were 52.6±3.0 %, 23.6±4.1 % and 15.7±3.4 %, respectively, and the survival at first feeding was significantly higher than that (11.3±2.2%) when using the spermatozoa of C (Cyprinus carpio. L). According to the morphological characteristics, the chromosome number and the degree of gonadal development, gynogenetic RCC could be distinguished from the control hybrids of RCC♀× B♂. The individuals with red body color, 100 chromosomes and normal gonadal development were successful gynogenetic RCC, while the individuals with 124 or 148 chromosomes and delayed gonadal development were hybrids of (RCC× B). The triploid hybrids (RCC× B) (2 years old) were sterile, but the tetraploid hybrids (RCC× B) were sexually mature age of two. In the present study, compared to the spermatozoa of C, the advantages of spermatozoa of B as the activation source were that could increase the survival at first feeding of gynogenetic individuals and simplify the confirmation of gynogenetic status, which suggested that the sperm of B was an effective activation source for inducing gynogenesis in crucian carp.     

投喂LHRH-A粗品对雌性金鲫促性腺激素分泌和卵巢发育的作用

研究投喂不同剂量LHRH-A粗品对雌性金鲫GtH分泌和卵巢发育的作用。以LHRH-A粗品0.01 mg/g饲料和0.1 mg/g饲料的剂量投喂6周后,与对照组相比,金鲫血清的GtH水平显著升高;部分卵母细胞已发育至Ⅳ 时相,GSI明显增长。这些结果表明将LHRH-A粗制品拌入饲料长期投喂金鲫后,能使血清GtH水平明显提高,进而促进性腺的发育成熟。     

异育银鲫的卵细胞发生

本文对南京兴卫鱼场二龄异育银鲫的卵母细胞进行了观察,并对其卵细胞中液泡的性质及作用、卵黄积累的形式以及精孔器形态等问题作了描述和探讨。     

铜离子对鲫鱼血红细胞微核和核异常的影响

研究了铜离子对鲫鱼的遗传毒害性。结果显示 :铜离子对鲫鱼的毒性是比较大的。在用不同的铜离子浓度处理相同时间或用同一浓度处理不同时间后 ,鲫鱼的微核率、核异常率与总核异常率都明显上升。微核率与浓度之间 ,以及与处理时间之间均出现较为明显的正相关性 ,即具有剂量效应和时间效应。核异常率和总核异常率除个别组外 ,也都出现了同样的效应。