基于高分辨率层序地层的储层流动单元研究

基于岩心分析、测井及生产资料,针对马岭油田下侏罗统延9油层组辫状河储层纵横向相变快、非均质性强的特征,通过确定层序格架内储层及渗流屏障空间分布,优选参数将储层划分为E、G、M、P共4类流动单元,结合测井交会分析、岩相相序解剖及沉积过程分析结果,对层序格架内流动单元空间分布的控制因素进行研究。结果表明:超短期旋回中,储层颗粒的分选、粒度中值及杂基含量制约着延9储层的岩石物理性质与渗流能力,使不同类型岩石相中沉积组构的差异特征控制着该级次流动单元的空间分布;短期基准面旋回中的各类沉积微相内不同岩相的垂向组合影响着该级次流动单元的垂向差异分布;沉积微相的平面分布与短期旋回内流动单元区带有良好的对应关系,心滩、辫状河道沉积为E、G类优质流动单元分布优势区;中期基准面旋回通过控制相序和相组合的变化,使不同基准面位置处同类沉积微相呈现不同的砂体叠置样式及规模,进而影响着各类流动单元相对比例的层间差异。     

再论东濮凹陷沙三段成盐模式

依据井点X衍射矿物和氯同位素垂向分布资料,分析东濮凹陷盐岩垂向序列,并结合咸水蒸发实验和盐湖钻孔资料分析盐岩沉积及保存过程,研究东濮凹陷沙三段成盐模式。结果表明:浅水蒸发成盐过程中保持有足够的水深,为盐下有机质的保存提供便利,浅水盐岩与油页岩及黄铁矿伴生不矛盾;淡水的注入是影响垂向盐韵律组成的关键因素,注入量少时可能引起氯同位素的变化,随着注入量的增大可能引起盐韵律中氯化物乃至硫化物的缺失;凹陷满盆含砂、控边断层上盘缺少粗碎屑的现象可能是边界断层长期小规模活动造成的,东濮凹陷沙三段盐岩更有可能是浅水蒸发成因。     

四川峨嵋麦地坪组白云岩有机地球化学特征

四川峨嵋高桥麦地坪组是前寒武系-寒武系连续沉积的重要层型剖面之一,小壳动物化石在该组中出现.对该组小壳动物化石出现层位白云岩的生物标志物以及单体正构烷烃同位素研究结果表明,其规则甾烷中C27甾烷的较高优势,可能与小壳生物的贡献有关.正构烷烃的碳同位素值随碳数增加的曲线变化范围较窄,反映了较为单一的母源输入特征.但被认为是与藻类输入有关的nC19的碳同位素值略低于C21～C26和C27～C37的碳同位素值,显示了不同生物母源的输入,具有藻类和细菌输入的特征.结合生物标志物参数显示,峨嵋高桥麦地坪含胶磷矿白云岩生物母质以蓝藻细菌类生物输入为主,可能含有部分的小壳动物输入.     

鄂尔多斯盆地东北部山西组三角洲相沉积演化特征

在研究野外露头、钻井岩心、测井资料的基础上,对鄂尔多斯盆地东北部山西组主要沉积相类型—三角洲相的沉积演化特征进行了研究.识别出东部和西部两大三角洲体系,其三角洲平原包括分流河道、天然堤、决口扇、平原沼泽和洪泛平原等微相,三角洲前缘包括水下分流河道、河口坝、潮汐砂坝、远砂坝、分流间湾等微相.三角洲平原的分流河道早期具有辫状河性质,晚期向曲流河转变.三角洲类型在山23、山22期为发育在潮坪背景上的河流-潮控三角洲,以后转变为发育在陆相湖泊环境中的河控-湖泊三角洲.不同三角洲类型和相应的亚相、微相特征控制了本区岩相变化特征、砂体展布特征和砂体的储集性能.其中以山23亚段三角洲前缘的水下分流河道、潮汐砂坝、河口坝和三角洲平原的分流河道在岩性、砂体厚度以及砂体储集性能方面更具优越性,从而成为勘探开发的重点.     

塔河油田托甫台地区中下奥陶统沉积相与储层特征分析

通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定及样品分析测试工作,依据岩石特征、地球物理及古生物组合等标志,对塔河油田托甫台地区中下奥陶统沉积相类型、储集空问类型、储层物性特征进行了分析.结果表明,研究区中下奥陶统主要发育开阔台地相沉积,可进一步划分为台内滩亚相、滩闻海亚相及点礁亚相;储层的主要孔隙空间为粒问溶孔、粒内溶孔、铸模孔和裂缝.综合考虑不同类型的组合关系,将储集空闻结构类型划分为4种.由于碳酸盐岩储层基质孔隙度、渗透率相对低,很难构成有效的储集空间,因此区内储层整体发育程度不高,且分布不均.     

塔河南盐下地区中奥陶统一间房组沉积环境分析

通过对塔河南盐下地区28口钻井岩心中奥陶统一间房组的详细描述和3 200余块薄片的鉴定,确认其主要的岩石类型有生屑灰岩、生物灰岩、藻球粒灰岩、含核形石灰岩、鲕粒灰岩、内碎屑灰岩、微晶灰岩、海绿石灰岩.在这些碳酸盐岩中,藻类、棘皮类、双壳类以及造礁生物苔藓虫、珊瑚、层孔虫、海绵等生物大量出现,表明一间房组沉积时期总体应为一个水体循环状况良好、盐度正常充氧的浅海沉积环境.在综合分析其岩石学特征、测井资料,结合地震资料,划分出台内滩、滩间、点礁三种沉积相,并讨论了一间房组早、晚期沉积相的空间展布特征,编制了各时期的古地理图,为油气勘探提供了地质指导.     

重庆石柱下三叠统嘉陵江组沉积微相研究

重庆石柱下三叠统嘉陵江组发育上扬子地台碳酸盐台地上具代表性的岩石类型,以室外剖面测试和室内微相分析为主要手段,参考Wilson的标准微相和碳酸盐台地沉积模式,识别出8种微相类型:灰泥石灰岩;生物碎屑内碎屑泥粒灰岩;含生物碎屑泥灰岩;生物碎屑粒泥灰岩;生物碎屑泥粒灰岩;核形石、鲕粒、藻砂屑泥灰岩;生物扰动泥灰岩;有孔虫泥粒灰岩.八种微相类型在时空上的有序组合,构成了碳酸盐岩台地相区的三个亚相类型,即蒸发台地、局限台地和开阔台地.根据沉积相纵向和横向的变化,建立了沉积相模式,相对海平面的两个海进-海退旋回很好地控制了沉积相模式演化,为该区的区域性地质研究和油气勘探与开发提供重要的基础地质资料.     

A new section of Kaili Formation （Cambrian） and a biostratigraphic study of the boundary interval across the undefined Cambrian Series 2 and Series 3 at Jianshan,Jianhe County,China with a discussion of global correlation based on the first appearance datum of Oryctocephalus indicus （Reed, 1910）

A trilobite biostratigraphic study of a new section of the Kaili Formation at Jianshan, Chuandong Village, Jianhe County, Guizhou is reported. Additional occurrences of key species associated with the Ovatoryctocara granulata-Bathynotus holopygus Zone and the overlying Oryctocephalus indicus Zone that were originally defined from the trilobite assemblages at the WuliuZengjiayan section of the Kaili are reported from this new section. The first appearance datum （FAD） of Oryctocephalus indicus occurs at the 44.52 m above the base of the unit. Based on study of abundant specimens （n = 800） from the Kaili Formation, we argue that Oryctocephalus indicus is a widespread taxon with a global distribution. O. reticulatus （Lermontova, 1940） from the middle part of the Kounamkites Zone of the Amganian Stage in the Molodo River region of Siberia and O. americanus （Sundberg and McCollum, 2003） from Nevada, North America are similar to representatives of O. indicus which occur in the O. indicus Zone of the Kaili Formation. O. reticulatus and O. americanus are here synonymized with O. indicus （Reed, 1910）. This study strengthens the Wuliu-Zengjiayan section of the Kaili Formation as a candidate section for a Global Stratotype for the base of the unnamed Cambrian Series 3.     

Sm~(3+)/TiO_2光催化剂降解酸性品红实验研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了不同Sm3+掺杂量、不同煅烧温度的Sm3+/TiO2的光催化剂,并对所制得的光催化剂进行了系统的表征和光催化活性研究.XRD分析表明,所得粉体为锐钛矿相纳米TiO2,且Sm3+掺杂后,纳米TiO2特征衍射峰宽化,强度降低,说明稀土Sm3+的掺杂能细化晶粒;以酸性品红为降解物的光催化实验表明,在450℃下煅烧,Sm3+/TiO2摩尔数比为0.1%的催化剂,加入2mL助催化剂,在三基色节能灯照射2.5h,降解率可达81.1%,结果令人满意.     

Aerosol oxalate and its implication to haze pollution in Shanghai, China

A total of 238 samples of PM2.5and TSP were analyzed to study the characteristics,sources,and formation pathways of aerosol oxalate in Shanghai in four seasons of 2007.The concentrations of oxalate were0.07–0.41 lg/m3in PM2.5and 0.10–0.48 lg/m3in TSP,respectively.Oxalate displayed a seasonal variation of autumn[summer[winter[spring in both PM2.5and TSP and was dominantly present in PM2.5in all samples.Correlation between oxalate and K?and high ratio of oxalate/K?suggested that biomass burning was a secondary source of aerosol oxalate in Shanghai,in addition to urban VOCs sources(vehicular and industrial emissions),especially in autumn.Secondary formation accounted for the majority of aerosol oxalate in Shanghai,which was supported by the high correlation of oxalate with nssSO42-,K?and NO3-,proceeding from different mechanisms.Relatively high ambient RH together with high cloud cover was found benefiting the secondary formation of aerosol oxalate.The in-cloud process(aqueous-phase oxidation)was proposed to be likely the major formation pathway of aerosol oxalate in Shanghai,which was supported by the high correlation of oxalate with nss-SO42-and K?,dominant residence of oxalate in droplet mode and result of favorable meteorological condition analysis.High correlation of oxalate and NO3-reflected the OH radical involved oxidation chemistry of the two species in the atmosphere and also suggested that gas-particle surface reactions and the evaporation–condensation process were both possible secondary formation pathways of aerosol oxalate in coarser particle mode([1.0 lm).As a major water-soluble organic compound in aerosols,concentration of oxalate showed a distinct negative correlation to the atmospheric visibility,which implied that aerosol organic compounds could play an important role in haze pollution as well as in air quality in Shanghai.