川西地区中二叠统-下三叠统碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素特征

 针对川西地区中二叠统-下三叠统碳酸盐岩,通过分析3 个剖面的碳氧同位素数据,计算Z 值及古温度,并结合沉积相、古生物等,对该区域碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素演化特征及古环境进行了系统研究。结果表明,川西地区中二叠统-下三叠统碳酸盐岩的δ¹³C 值为-3.90‰~2.80‰,主要值域为-2.80‰~2.80‰,均值为-0.04‰;δ¹⁸O 值为-9.70‰~-1.80‰,主要值域为-8‰~-4‰,均值为-6.60‰。研究区古环境基本处于海相环境,东北边缘水体相对较深,西南边缘水体相对较浅,海水温度为8.8~68.4℃,主要值域为16~33℃,属于温暖或炎热的亚热带气候,经历了栖霞期-茅口期、吴家坪期-长兴期、飞仙关期-嘉陵江期3 次大的海平面变化旋回,且其间各有若干次次级旋回。     

活性炭负载高锰酸钾制作保鲜纸性能表征与分析

 将高锰酸钾负载在活性炭上制备保鲜剂,以纸基为承载体,采用浆内添加法制备保鲜纸。利用红外光谱(FTIR)、X 射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TGA)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段对保鲜剂和保鲜纸进行表征。FTIR 分析表明,饱和高锰酸钾负载活性炭使活性炭表面的含氧官能团含量增加,保鲜剂和纸基之间的结合属物理结合;XRD 测试表明高锰酸钾会破坏活性炭的晶型结构,加入保鲜剂后保鲜纸的结晶度下降。由TGA 曲线可知,保鲜纸热分解的起始温度和最大分解速率温度都低于对照组,这是因为保鲜纸的结晶度降低。SEM 测试结果表明,保鲜剂的加入使保鲜纸表面变得粗糙。     

谁的估计更准确?评论Nature发表的中国CO2排放重估的论文

 从温室气体清单估计的方法、数据及不确定性等几个方面,对刘竹等2015 年8 月发表在Nature 上的论文“Reducedcarbon emission estimates from fossil fuel combustion and cement production in China”的主要结论及观点进行了分析,指出了该文在计算与比较中的错误,因而该文有关中国国家温室气体清单高估中国排放的结论并不成立。     

基于矿热炉外磁场信号的三相电极位置检测系统设计

针对矿热炉三相电极位置精确测量、节能降耗和安全生产的需求,设计一种基于矿热炉外磁场信号的三相电极位置检测系统。首先根据矿热炉的实际构造,结合COMSOL Multiphysics软件,建立矿热炉仿真模型,并对矿热炉磁场进行分析,选取外磁场信号采样点。在选取的采样点,采集具有不同电极位置的矿热炉模型的外磁场信号,建立矿热炉外磁场信号样本集。根据该样本集,应用偏最小二乘(partial least squares,PLS)回归分析、径向基函数神经网络(radial basis function neural network,RBFNN)和粒子群优化RBFNN(particle swarm optimized RBFNN,PSO-RBFNN)分别建立矿热炉三相电极位置检测模型,并结合MATLAB GUI建立基于矿热炉外磁场信号的三相电极位置检测系统。实验结果表明,检测系统的三种模型都可以实现对电极位置的检测,其中PSO-RBFNN模型的效果最优,三相电极位置检测准确率达到94.98%(训练集),90.21%(测试集),均方根误差为0.053 5(训练集)、0.131 1(测试集)。提出的检测系统能够较精确地测量三相电极在矿热炉内的位置,实现非接触式检测,具有较好的实用价值和应用前景。     

Influence of high deformation on the microstructure of low-carbon steel

Low-carbon steel sheets DC04 used in the automotive industry were subjected to cold rolling for thickness reduction from 20% to 89%. The desired thickness was achieved by successive reductions using a rolling mill. The influence of thickness reduction on the microstructure was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Microstructure evolution was characterized by the distortion of grains and the occurrence of the oriented grain structure for high cold work. A mechanism of grain restructuring for high cold work was described. The occurrence of voids was discussed in relation with cold work. The evolution of voids at the grain boundaries and inside the grains was also considered. To characterize the grain size, the Feret diameter was measured and the grain size distribution versus cold work was discussed. The chemical homogeneity of the sample was also analyzed.     

多孔氧化铝膜色彩特性研究进展

 介绍了利用阳极氧化法制备的氧化铝膜板（AAM）的色彩特性。利用阳极氧化法制备的AAM,其色彩分布于整个可见光区,不同的色彩主要来源于光的干涉现象。AAM 的这种特性可广泛应用于染色、彩色显示、装饰装潢、防伪、纺织工业等。人工制备AAM 彩色膜板得到研究人员的广泛关注,其制备方法包括：AAM 多层膜结构、金属覆盖AAM 结构、碳纳米管复合AAM 结构、沉积纳米线的AAM 结构等。从周期性氧化电压法制备周期性多层结构AAM 光子晶体开始,按照改善AAM 色彩饱和度方法的不同分为5 个部分,综述了近年来对AAM 色彩特性的研究进展。     

Research and applications of novel jet techniques in well drilling,completion and fracturing

Oil and gas have long been regarded as key elements for any industrialized country. China＇s economy and social security are largely dependent on oil and gas exploration and development. Nowadays, a great deal of attention has been paid to various ways of efficiently developing oil and gas reserves. This paper presents an overview of research and applications of novel jet techniques in well-drilling, well-com- pletion and fracturing. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, through years of effort, significant achievements have been made in this area. Not only has the systematic theory of novel jetting been established, but also its application has been proved practical in petroleum engineering. This paper focuses on the topics of the self-resonating cavitating jet, the abrasive water jet, and the supercritical CO2 jet, in respect of theories, applications and prospects.     

针-水电极正直流高压放电对甲基橙染料废水的脱色

采用针-水电极反应器,研究正直流高压放电处理甲基橙染料废水的效果.考察了不同放电形式和实验参数下对甲基橙染料废水脱色效果的影响.实验结果表明,电晕放电在处理时间0～25 min脱色效果比击穿流光放电处理效果好,而在处理25 min后击穿流光放电脱色效果好于电晕放电.在电压18 kV、电流15 mA、处理初始质量浓度为40 mg/L的甲基橙溶液30 min时,脱色率达到98％.该反应符合一级动力学反应,反应速率常数为0.127 mg/(L·min).经过放电处理,甲基橙的特征吸收峰(465 nm)强度逐渐减弱并基本消失,分子结构中的偶氮基团与苯环组成的共轭体系被破坏,甲基橙分子被有效降解.     

碳点的制备及其荧光共振能量转移

以枝状聚乙烯亚胺和柠檬酸为原料,低温熔融法一步合成水溶性的氨基化碳点,碳点在紫外光激发下发出明亮的蓝光.采用傅里叶变换红外光谱和X射线粉末衍射仪对其结构进行表征,并研究其与碲化镉量子点在液相和固液界面的荧光共振能量转移.实验结果表明:液相中的荧光共振能量转移效率远大于固液界面的荧光共振能量转移,且能量转移具有一定的限度.     

Reduction of Pt Usage in Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts Using Carbon Nanotubes and Non-Pt Metals

The high-priced and limited Pt constitutes a high barrier to commercialization of fuel cells. Pt is essential for the electrode catalyst of polymer electrolyte fuel cells （PEFCs）. A reduction in Pt usage is one of the key requirements for the commercialization of fuel cells for use in everyday life, because of its high price and limited availability, and the difficulty of finding suitable substitutes. Non-Pt fuel cell catalysts will decrease the demand for Pt by PEFCs, enabling more Pt to be available for use in other essential products, and make fuel cells more popular. The cheaper Mo2C is known to possess similar catalytic activities and electronic structures to Pt. Carbon black （CB） is widely used as the support for Pt nanoparticles. However,