假单胞菌Hy—1对多房棘球蚴泡块的抑制作用

从成都土壤中分离到一株假单胞菌,编号Hy—1。该菌株为革兰氏阴性需氧短杆菌,具极生丛鞭毛,营呼吸代谢,化能异养;还具有能分解Twccn60,液化明胶,不水解淀粉,产生聚—B—羟基丁酸盐颗粒(PHB)等特性。该菌株的代谢产物对一些革兰氏阳性细菌有较强拮抗作用。Hy—1菌苗对小白鼠多房棘球蚴移植泡块有显著抑制作用,能阻止多房棘球蚴在鼠体内的生长,发育和扩散。初步毒理试验发现Hy—1 对小鼠无急性毒性作用,在体内无存活扩散现象。     

Studies on Locusts‘ Pathogenesis and Energy Metabolic Inhibition Induced by the Insecticidal Protein Purified from Pseudomonas Pseudoalcaligenes

The insecticidal protein produced by Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes is purified from the suspension of the bacterial culture. As an intact molecule, the protein acts on the foregut, midgut, hindgut, vasa Malpighii and fat body, and kills locusts. The disinsection rates of feeding and injection are 63.3% and 65.7%, respectively. After 24h to 48h, it is observed that all these tissues and cells show pathological changes in varying degrees, and so did the host cellular organs of these cells, such as cytoblast, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and ribosome. Particularly, the changes of the mitochondria are much more serious than those of others. Detection of oxygen electrode shows the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation and the ATP synthesis decreases, while the activity of mitochondrial ATPase is almost not affected. That means the energy utilization of locusts is in gear, but the shortage of the supplying of energy results in their death. This research forms the substantial basis for controlling locusts.     

两株苯酚降解菌的降解特性及对比分析

采用驯化的方法从活性污泥中筛选分离得到两株高效苯酚降解菌XTT-1,XTT-3,均能在含苯酚的培养基中生长,初步鉴定均为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonassp.).研究了两株菌降解苯酚的最适条件;XTT-3菌经48 h培养可完全降解500 mg.L-1苯酚,而XTT-1菌需要64 h;两株菌的苯酚耐受能力均不超过1000 mg.L-1苯酚;NaCl含量2.0%以上对两株菌的苯酚降解率有不同程度的抑制作用.     

产吩嗪羧酸抗生素的植物根部致金色假单胞菌的菌株多样性分析与鉴定

从新疆和北京两地的十余种经济植物中的4种植物的根部分离筛选到6株可向培养基中分泌橙黄色色素物质的根内内生菌和根表附生菌,采用BOX—PCR基因组指纹图谱扩增技术对这6株细菌的遗传多样性进行了分析,结果表明这6株细菌可以划分为3个遗传群。采用系统发育和表型分析相结合对这3个遗传群的代表菌株的分类地位进行了鉴定,结果表明3个代表菌株均为绿针假单胞菌致金色假单胞菌亚种（P$eUdomonoschlororo础如subsp．aureofaciens）。采用薄层层析对3个代表菌株的色素分泌物组成进行了分析,结果显示3个代表菌株的色素分泌物组成完全相同。进一步采用电喷雾质谱和核磁共振分析确认色素主要组分为吩嗪-1-羧酸（Phenazine-1．carboxylicAcid,PCA）,并对其抗真菌活性进行了分析。结论：植物根部产吩嗪羧酸抗生素的致金色假单胞菌在菌株水平上存在着显著的多样性,这种多样性与其地理分布的多样性和宿主植物的多样性之间存在着一定程度的对应关系,其中的3株内生细菌LJ1、GL1、TC1由于与宿主植物存在极为密切的关系而有可能作为生物活体农药直接应用于宿主植物病害的生物防治,显示了很好的应用潜力。     

不动杆菌与假单胞菌对17β-雌二醇的协同降解特性

分别用纯培养与模拟培养法考察不动杆菌LM1与假单胞菌LY1组成的复合菌对17β-雌二醇(E2)的协同降解特性.结果表明:当细胞数量比为1时,复合菌对E2的降解率分别为菌株LM1和LY1单独作用的2.2倍和2.6倍,降解过程中菌株LM1和LY1的细胞数量比趋于1;在28℃,150r/min条件下培养7d后,复合菌对初始质量浓度为1,5,10,20mg/L的E2降解率分别为99.6%,97%,93%,85%;当培养基中氯化钠添加的质量分数为3.5%时,复合菌对E2的降解率显著下降(p0.05);在25℃时复合菌对鸡粪、猪粪及土壤样品中E2的降解率分别为对照组的2.7,3.0,2.8倍.即由菌株LM1和LY1组成的复合菌可通过协同作用降解E2.     

不同微生物菌剂对田间西红柿品质以及土壤酶活性的影响

对贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)S3-1与桔黄假单胞菌(Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp.aurantiaca)JD37进行测定发现:两者都具有良好的促生能力.将两者制备成相应的液体肥料,施加于种植西红柿的土壤中,发现S3-1能更显著提升西红柿果实中的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、可滴定酸、抗坏血酸的含量.对西红柿根际土壤进行平板涂布,发现S3-1能够有效地阻挡更多微生物,尤其是细菌进入植物的根际.使用S3-1生物肥料后,西红柿的干重、根长未见明显变化.进一步的研究显示:S3-1生物肥料显著降低了土壤的脲酶活性,却对土壤蔗糖酶活性没有太大的影响.     

一株铜绿假单胞菌的溶磷特征及其对底泥中Pb的固定化

通过纯培养和模拟实验研究一株铜绿假单胞菌JM1对磷酸钙的溶解特征及其对底泥中Pb的固定化作用. 结果表明: 菌株JM1对磷酸钙和磷酸铝均具有溶解作用, 96 h内释放的溶解性正磷酸盐的质量浓度分别为240.63,92.73 mg/L, 培养液pH值分别下降至464,512, 菌株JM1还可以利用卵磷脂进行生长但不释放磷酸根离子; 菌株JM1使灭菌底泥与不灭菌底泥中固定化Pb的质量比分别增加至14.02,11.83 mg/kg, 即菌株JM1对底泥中的Pb具有较强的固定能力.     

北京地区动物实验设施动物饮水无菌检测 及绿脓杆菌污染菌株鉴定

摘要: 目的了解北京地区动物实验设施动物饮水微生物控制状况。方法根据实验动物无菌动物生活环境国家 标准检测方法,对实验动物设施内的动物饮用水样品进行分离培养。扩增分离绿脓杆菌的16SrRNA,并进行测序, 绘制发育树。结果在27 个参与检测的单位中,未经过处理的饮水无菌生长率41% ; 经过处理的饮水无菌生长率 仅29% 。绿脓杆菌检出率30% ,主要为RHH13 和ZAQ22 两个菌株。结论本次检测的实验动物饮水在处理后的 效果普遍不甚理想,存在绿脓杆菌的污染,直接影响实验动物质量。     

Purification and Partial Characterization of a Collagenolytic Enzyme Produced by Pseudomonas aeraginosa SCU Screened from Rotten Hides

Strain Pseudomonas Aeraginosa SCU isolated from rotten hides is shown to produce various gelatinolytic enzymes with molecular masses ranging from - 50 to - 200 kD. A gelatinolytic enzyme called PAC exhibiting collagenolytic activity is purified by SP sepharose fast flow, Sephadex G-200 gel filtration and native PAGE cutting method. The purified enzyme has an apparent molecular weight of about 110 kD by SDS PAGE without β-mercaptoethanol. Treatment withtβ-Me suggests that PAC is dissociated into three subunits approximately 33 kD, 25 kD and 20 kD with a ratio of 2:1:1, named sub A, sub B and sub C repectively. EDFA and EGTA display a significant inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity while PMSF, leupeptin and pepstain do not appreciably inhibit it. The first 15 amino acid residues of the major subunit (subA) are determined and the sequence is Ala-Glu-Ala-Gly-Gly-Pro-Gly-Gly-Asn-Gln-Lys-Ile-Gly -Lys-Tyr. This sequence is identical to that of elastase of P. aeruginosa. The fragment of encoding mature sub A is cloned and its sequence is determined, which has a high homology with the gene of elastase. These results indicate that PAC is a novel collagenolytic metalloprotease composed of three kinds of subunits, of which elastase is the major one.     

50味中药与8种抗生素对变形假单胞菌的体外抑菌作用

用牛津杯法选择诃子、大黄、黄连等50种单方中药对变形假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌进行体外抑菌试验,并选用抑菌作用较好的药物组成复方二联、三联中药,药物质量浓度为60,240 mg/mL。结果表明:单方中药中,诃子对变形假单胞菌抑菌作用明显,为极敏感;复方二联中药中,240 mg/mL的诃子+白芍等4种对变形假单胞菌的抑菌作用明显,为极敏感;复方三联中药中,60 mg/mL的黄连+板蓝根+黄柏等5种对变形假单胞菌的抑菌效果为极敏感,240 mg/mL的黄连+连翘+黄芪等6种对变形假单胞菌的抑菌作用为极敏感;变形假单胞菌对恩诺沙星、盐酸多西环素、硫酸新霉素及硫酸庆大霉素4种药物高度敏感。由此认为黄连+板蓝根+黄柏等11个复方三联中药与恩诺沙星对变形假单胞菌抑菌作用最强,同时筛选出多个抑菌作用效果良好的复方三联中药和抗生素,可用于鱼病防治研究。