南海海洋细菌 Pseudomonas sp.产生的一种抗肿瘤蓝色素

Pseudomonas sp.是从大亚湾表面海水分离到的一株新的海洋细菌,在改变培养条件之后,能产生不同的次级代谢产物.从该菌培养液的脂溶性部分分离得到一种蓝色素Blue-1, 它的结构通过NMR, 2D-NMR, FABMS,元素分析得到确定,与从陆生菌 Chromobacterium violaceum(Bacillus violaceus) 中分离得到紫色杆菌素 (violacein)的结构一致.抗肿瘤活性试验结果表明,Blue-1对肿瘤细胞生长有很强的抑制作用,对MCG803的IC50为4.6 μg/mL,对BEL-7402的IC50为6.8 μg/mL.     

一株新的菲降解菌株及外来碳源对其降解特性的影响

报道了一株新的菲降解菌株-门多萨假单孢菌（CGMCC1.766）的筛选，并研究了其菲降解和降解过程中关键酶的动态变化。在菲浓度为100mg/L的培养体系中，添加水杨酸（诱导物）可提高菲的降解速率，而葡萄糖（碳源）的存在则使降解速率降低。     

荧光假单胞菌AS1.867和3-PHB的luxAB基因标记及其在小麦根际的定殖

通过三亲本杂交方法成功地用发光酶基因 lux AB标记荧光假单胞菌 ( Pseudomonasflu-orescens) AS1 .86 7- L和 3 - PHB菌株 ,获得的标记菌株 AS1 .86 7- L和 3 - PHB- L在不同的条件下能稳定发光。将 AS1 .86 7- L和 3 - PHB- L制成固体微生物接种剂 ,并利用土壤微缩系统将其接种于小麦 ,研究它们在小麦根际的定殖动态和散布规律。结果发现 ,二株标记菌株在灭菌土壤上的定殖水平高于不灭菌土壤 ,在垂直方向上定殖主要发生于 0～ 8cm根段间 ,且随着深度的增加而降低。接种菌株在第 7天之前就已达到最高定殖水平 ,在每克根的初始接种量为 2 .3 2× 1 0 8cfu时 ,第 7天的灭菌土壤中 AS1 .86 7- L和 3 - PHB- L的根际菌数分别为 9.6 7× 1 0 6cfu和 6 .90× 1 0 6cfu,不灭菌土壤的根际菌数为 1 .41× 1 0 5cfu和 7.71× 1 0 5cfu。随着时间的延长 ,定殖数量均明显降低 ,3 - PHB- L在 40 d后就已无法检测到     

甘薯抗瘟病品种特异性抗性蛋白质的初步鉴定

研究发现甘薯“闽抗330”的叶片组织粗提液对甘薯薯瘟病原细菌(Pseudomonas solanacoarum E.F.Smith)的生长有抑制作用,而感病品种“新种花”则无明显的抑制效应.IEF分析结果表明,这种不同的作用与一种特异性的蛋白质有关,其等电点pH在6左右,这两种甘薯品种叶片组织的粗提液经薯瘟病原细菌(低毒菌)吸附后,“闽抗330”品种中的这条蛋白质带消失,而感病品种“新种花”本身就无这条蛋白带,表明品种对薯瘟病的抗病性与这一蛋白质有关。凝集活性测定结果表明,两个品种的叶片粗提液均存在对兔红细胞的凝集活性。     

MALDI-TOF MS对草莓中铜绿假单胞菌和黏质沙雷氏菌的检测

为了评价基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱法(MALDI-TOF MS)在草莓微生物风险监测的应用价值,确定草莓的危害识别微生物及其特征,采用选择性培养方法对50份草莓样品中铜绿假单胞菌和黏质沙雷氏菌进行分离,MALDI-TOF MS对分离微生物进行鉴定,应用SARAMIS Premium软件对这2种食物感梁性病原微生物的蛋白质图谱进行分析和加权修正。结果表明,铜绿假单胞菌在草莓中的检出率为18%,黏质沙雷氏菌检出率为20%,实验获得草莓中分离铜绿假单胞菌完全拟合特征峰12组,标识峰聚类分析结果表明,分离铜绿假单胞菌差异较大;获得草莓分离黏质沙雷氏菌完全拟合特征峰有8组,标识峰加权聚类分析结果可认定分离的2株黏质沙雷氏菌同源。MALDI-TOF MS方法可标识草莓分离微生物的蛋白质特异性特征,且对微生物的溯源及特异性分析有一定优势,表明其在农产品复杂微生物环境中具有应用潜力。     

Bactericidal activity againstPseudomonas aeruginosa is acquired by cultured human monocyte-derived macrophages after uptake of myeloperoxidase

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an enzyme located within polymorphonuclear neutrophils capable of producting cytotoxic oxidant species that are particularly active against bacteria with polysaccharide capsules.Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10⁶ bacteria per 1 ml) are killed within 1 h in vitro by a MPO/H₂O₂/Cl^– system (48 mU=132 ng of MPO). The question arose as to whether human macrophages would acquire cytotoxic activity when loaded with this enzyme. Monocytes were therefore isolated from human blood and cultured for up to ten days to induce maturation to macrophages. These cells lost endogenous MPO within five days while H₂O₂ production in response to stimulation by phorbol myristate acetate (10^–6M) decreased to 23% within ten days. On the other hand, their capacity to take up exogenous MPO increased fourfold from day three to day ten. Human macrophages cultured from eight days (when both H₂O₂ production and MPO uptake were sufficient) were therefore used to study the effects of MPO uptake on cytocidal activity againstPseudomonas aeruginosa. After a 1 h MPO loading period, macrophages (5×10⁵ cells per ml) were incubated in the presence of bacteria (0.5 to 2×10⁶ bacteria per ml) for 2 h at 37°C. At a bacteria/macrophage ratio of 1, only 34.8±7.0% of bacteria survived (compared to killing by non-loaded macrophages), while 74.4±9.3% survived at a ratio of 4. From these results, we conclude that loading macrophages with exogenous MPO could enhance their microbicidal activity, suggesting a potentially useful therapeutic application.     

产碱假单胞菌碱性脂肪酶的克隆表达及酶学性质

【目的】为获得可应用于酯类水解及合成的脂肪酶资源,本研究通过筛选分离得到能够水解长链脂肪酸酯的脂肪酶产生菌,克隆表达其脂肪酶基因并研究脂肪酶的酶学性质。【方法】从环境中筛选分离出可水解三硬脂酸甘油酯的菌株,利用16SrDNA对其进行分子鉴定,并扩增其脂肪酶基因和脂肪酶分子伴侣基因。以pET-22b(+)为表达载体,构建共表达重组质粒,转化Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)进行异源表达,并对重组酶进行酶学性质研究。【结果】经16SrDNA鉴定该菌株为产碱假单胞菌Pseudomonas alcaligenes。通过PCR成功克隆到该菌的脂肪酶基因(lipPA-9A)和脂肪酶分子伴侣基因(lipPA-9B),并构建共表达重组质粒pET22b-lipPA-9A-9B,实现脂肪酶LIP-9A的活性表达。酶学性质研究表明LIP-9A的最适反应温度为35℃,最适反应pH值为10.5,最适反应底物为对硝基苯酚辛酸酯(pNPO);同时,LIP-9A还可以催化醇和羧酸发生酯化反应产生酯类物质。【结论】LIP-9A在碱性条件下具有较高活力,且可以催化酯化反应,在洗涤行业和酯合成领域具有一定的应用价值。     

Microbial Transformation of Acetophenone to 2—Phenylethanol

Microorganisms are commonly used to transform chemicals to chiral compounds. Pseudomonas cepacia 1813, Pseudomonas stutzeri 1317, Saccharomyces cerev isiae 1912, and 5 Escherichio coil strainswere used to transform acetophenone to 2-phenylethanol. The results show that the E. coli strains have the poorest biotransformation ability. P. stutzeri 1317 provides the best transformation ability with a transformation rate of 30% achieved with either whole or broken P. stutzeri 1317 cells for a reaction pH of 8. 2 and an initial acetophenone concentration of 2 g/L. An acetophenone concentration of 10 g/L strongly inhibits the biotransformation for a pH of 8. 2. Crude alcohol dehydrogenase obtained from S. cerevisiae 1912 transforms acetophenone to 2-phenylethanol when nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced (NADH) is added.     

假单胞菌TS-1138 L-半胱氨酸脱巯基酶的纯化和性质研究

假单胞菌TS-1138L-半胱氨酸脱巯基酶经DEAECellulose-52阶段洗脱、SephadexG-100柱层析被纯化了80.3倍,SDS-PAGE鉴定为单一条带,该酶的相对分子质量为53.0kDa;酶反应的最适pH为7.5,最适反应温度为35℃,该酶的米氏常数为2.37μmol/L,最大反应速度为0.11μmol/mL·min·Pb2+对该酶有很强的激活作用,Zn2+对该酶有较强的抑制作用,羟胺为该酶特异性的抑制剂.