Bioleaching of copper oxide ore by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Bioleaching is an environmentally friendly method for extraction of metal from ores. In this study, bioleaching of copper oxide ore by Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a heterotrophic bactermm that can produce various organic acids in an appropriate culture medium, and these acids can operate as leaching agents. The parameters, such as particle size, glucose percentage in the culture medium, bioleaching time, and solid/liquid ratio were optimized. Optimum bioleaching conditions were found as follows： particle size of 150-177 μm, glucose percentage of 6%, bioleaching time of 8 d, and solid/liquid ratio of 1：80. Under these conditions, 53% of copper was extracted.     

响应面优化假单胞杆菌降解咖啡因培养基

利用已筛选出的菌株Pseudomonas putida ECUST5-2降解咖啡因,并对其培养基组分进行优化。首先采用单因子试验从多个因素中寻找出可参考的因素。在此基础之上,利用Plackett-Burman试验筛选出显著影响咖啡因降解率的主要因素为:咖啡因、Na2HPO4、MgSO4和酵母粉。随后用最陡爬坡试验逼近降解菌最大降解率区域。然后利用中心组合设计试验对相关显著因素进行优化,得到咖啡因、Na2HPO4、MgSO4和酵母粉的最佳浓度分别为:3.409 1 g·L-1,0.056 4 g·L-1,0.1611g·L-1和3.570 7 g·L-1。在优化后培养基条件下,咖啡因的降解率(0.105 g·h-1)比其初始咖啡因降解率提高了3.28倍。     

脱氮假单胞菌发酵生产维生素B12高产菌株的选育

以维生素B12生产菌株脱氮假单胞菌05-04为出发菌株,采用紫外线和5-澳尿嘧啶复合诱变处理,选育到一株抗5-澳尿嘧啶突变株5-BU-3-5,该菌株经摇瓶发酵,发酵单位较出发菌株提高了18.0%.该菌株特性优良,经57m3发酵罐试验,平均发酵单位提高8.9%,是一株性状较稳定可深入开发研究的优良菌株.     

脂肪酶产生菌的筛选及其脱墨的初步研究

采取油墨污染的土样,通过矿物油富集培养,平板筛选共得到76株菌株.酶活测定表明2株酶活较高,分别为5 446和12 298 U/L.经分类鉴定表明一株属于假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.),一株属于产碱菌属(Alcaligenes sp.).对后者产酶条件进行了研究,结果表明以1%蔗糖为碳源,1%牛肉膏为氮源的液体发酵培养基,起始pH7.0,20 mL装液量,30℃发酵72 h产酶最高.利用酶液对废报纸进行初步脱墨,证实了该酶对采用矿物油为连接料的油墨有明显的分解作用.     

微生物气溶胶与有害气体联合吸入动态暴露动物模型建立及评价

目的 研究建立甲醛((Formaldehyde, FA))与铜绿假单胞菌ATCC15692(Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PAO1)气溶胶联合吸入暴露的大鼠呼吸系统损伤模型。方法 8周龄雄性Wistar大鼠31只(中科院实验动物中心),体质量(180±10) g,随机分为正常对照组(7只)、(3.4±0.3) mg/m3 FA吸入暴露组(8只)、(0.5～1)×107 cfu/m3 PAO1气溶胶吸入暴露组(8只)、FA联合PAO1气溶胶吸入暴露组(8只)。用HOPE-MED 8050型动态气溶胶暴露舱建立大鼠染毒暴露模型,HE染色法检测肺组织结构损伤,ELISA方法测血清IgM、白介素-1β(interleukin-1 beta, IL-1β)、白介素-8(interleukin-8, IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor,TNF-α)、clara细胞分泌蛋白(clara cell secret protein, CC10)因子分泌水平。发光比色法检测血清SOD活性。结果 组织形态学观察显示,3实验组大鼠肺泡间隔增宽、肺间质水肿、肺组织内炎性细胞侵润,肺组织细胞凋亡数明显增加,以FA与PAO1联合暴露组病理学改变最明显。血清学结果显示,3实验组IgM、 TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-8水平、SOD活性升高,以联合暴露吸入组升高更显著(P0.05)。结论 甲醛与PAO1联合暴露后明显促进大鼠肺组织叠加损伤效应。     

铜绿假单胞菌铁与群体感应系统的调节

目的分析总结铜绿假单胞菌铁调节机理及其与群体感应系统之间的调节关系。方法汇总实验室有关铁调节和群体感应系统的研究结果,并结合相关文献资料进行分析总结。结果铜绿假单胞菌可以通过多种途径吸收利用不同来源或状态的铁源,在各种铁吸收途径中以铁载体介导途径尤为重要。Fur蛋白作为调节中心,与小RNA和ECF sigma因子共同对铁平衡进行精巧调节,而铁调节和群体感应系统相互影响,共同调节着相关基因的表达。结论铜绿假单胞菌中铁和群体感应系统协同作用,形成一个复杂的全局性网络,调节菌体毒性因子的表达等多种生理过程,影响着细菌感染的进程。     

烟碱降解菌CW6菌株的分离鉴定及其降解特性

以烟碱为唯一碳源,从湖北省襄阳市烟叶种植土壤中分离得到1株烟碱降解菌,命名为CW6,经常规的形态观察、生理生化分析以及16SrDNA序列同源性分析,初步鉴定该菌株为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas).CW6菌株降解烟碱最适温度为30℃.当烟碱质量浓度为2.0g/L时,烟碱降解率达到88.18%.当烟碱质量浓度达到5.5g/L时,烟碱降解率达到45.83%.当烟碱质量浓度高于6.5g/L时,菌株生长和烟碱降解率均呈下降趋势,烟碱降解率低于8.53%.CW6菌株在烟碱质量浓度为2.0g/L的烟碱培养基中培养,不同时间样品紫外扫描显示:0h在259nm处有吸收波峰,A259值为0.9946,当培养时间达到48h时,259nm处烟碱特征吸收峰降低至0.1370.     

重症监护病房多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌Ⅰ型整合子的检测及鉴定

 整合子是介导细胞多重耐药的重要机制之一,鉴定了2008年某医院重症监护病房分离的23株多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌1型整合子,并应用脉冲场电泳分析其同源性。1型整合子的阳性率达成60.9%。3种1型整合子基因盒被鉴定,其中整合子blaOXA 10 acc6 Ⅱ cmlA8为首次发现报道。基因盒主要编码氨基糖苷类耐药基因,包括 aacA4, aadA2, aadB, aac6 Ⅱ。脉冲电泳结果表明,23株多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌分为5个基因型,A 型(n=5)、B型 (n=6)、C型 (n=4)、D型(n=2)和E型(n=2)。研究表明编码1型整合子是多重耐药铜绿单胞菌较为普遍的特征,且1型整合子与多重耐药表型存相关。研究结果同时也表明防止多重耐药铜绿单胞菌交叉感染仍然是ICU的一项挑战性工作。     

Reporter-based screen for Arabidopsis mutants compromised in nonhost resistance

Plants are exposed to many potentially pathogenic microbes in the environment, but each species is only susceptible to a limited number of pathogens. The broad resistance is referred to as nonhost re-sistance. To date, little is known about the underlying mechanism of nonhost resistance and the sig-naling transduction process. Here we describe a simple method for isolating Arabidopsis nonhost re-sistance mutants against a nonadapted bacterial pathogen. A RAP2.6 promoter-driven LUC reporter system was developed to replace the tedious bacterial growth assay during the primary screening. The RAP2.6-LUC reporter gene is normally induced by the virulent bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato but not the nonadapted bacterium P. syringae pv phaseolicola. By using this method we iso-lated 4 mutants displaying strong reporter activity in response to P. syringae pv phaseolicola, which were characterized in some details. ebs1, ebs2, ebs3, and ebs4 (enhanced bacterial susceptibility) were compromised in resistance against P. syringae pv phaseolicola and/or P. syringae pv tomato. In addi-tion, ebs4 showed enhanced hypersensitive response to the incompatible bacterium P. syringae pv tomato (avrB). These results demonstrated that the method is suited for large scale screening for nonhost resistance mutants.