The biotransformation of tritiated 3-dehydroecdysone by crayfish,Procambarus clarkii

The injection of 3-dehydroecdysone (3dhE, 5 /g), the major ecdysteroid secreted by the Y-organ of crayfishProcambarus clarkii, resulted in apolysis within about 5 days. The hormonal response at the molecular level was investigated by injection of the radio-labeled compound; within 3 h of injection of [³H]3dhE, most radio-isotope was found in the extracted epidermal tissues and identified as ecdysone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), and their 3-hydroxy epimers. The biotransformation was undoubtedly performed in the peripheral area of the Y-organ. Cleavage of the polar conjugates, using an enzyme fromHelix pomatia, gave all of the above ecdysteroids including 3dhE. It was also found that the biosynthetic site of 3dhE was different from that of ecdysone at the subcellular level of the Y-organ.     

克氏原螯虾在洞穴和角落生境下生长差异及生存策略分析

为研究克氏原螯虾在不同庇护所生境下的生长差异及其采取的不同生存策略,本实验在水池中设置洞穴、角落2种庇护所生境,并以无任何庇护所的水池为对照,饲养亚成体克氏原螯虾一个月.计算各组克氏原螯虾存活、生长的参数及耗饵量、转化率等摄食参数.实验结果表明,存活率指标以洞穴组最高,为84.0%,对照组最小,为22.0%;群体增重、...     

Effect of xanthurenic acid on P-450-dependent biotransformation by molting glands in vitro

Incubation of molting glands from the crayfishProcambarus clarkii (Y-organ) and the silkwormBombyx mori (prothoracic gland) with 23,24-[²H₄]-2-deoxyecdysone resulted in the production of deutero-ecdysone; this biotransformation was inhibited in the presence of xanthurenic acid. When the experiments were performed under an¹⁸O₂ atmosphere, the¹⁸O atom was introduced into ecdysone, as confirmed by mass spectrometry. We therefore suggest that xanthurenic acid inhibits P-450-dependent hydroxylation of 2-deoxyecdysone. However, deutero-2-deoxyecdysone was not converted to 3-dehydroecdysone when using Y-organs in vitro, although it is a major product. We therefore conclude that the biosynthetic pathway of ecdysteroids inP. clarkii branches at an early step.     

克氏原螯虾外部形态和各器官系统的解剖

本文研究了克氏原螯虾外部形态和内部解剖结构,为甲壳动物学实验提供指导．     

克氏原螯虾不同组织微量金属元素富集能力研究

采用微波消解-原子吸收法作为分析手段,对克氏原螯虾的肌肉、内脏、鳃3个部位的3种微量金属元素含量进行测定,分析研究了克氏原螯虾不同部位对微量金属元素的富集能力的差异。结果表明:肌肉对Mg的富集能力最大,内脏对Mn的富集能力最大,鳃对Cu的富集能力最大。本研究为合理开发克氏原螯虾的食用功能提供了科学依据。     

饲料中钙磷水平对克氏原螯虾生长、营养物质表观消化率和水环境的影响

采用3×2两因子设计研究饲料中钙（3个水平分别为1.5%、2.0%、2.5%）磷（2个水平分别为1.0%、1.5%）水平对克氏原螯虾生长、营养物质表观消化率和水体环境的影响。结果表明,钙磷水平对克氏原螯虾的增重率和干物质的表观消化率无显著影响;钙和磷的表观消化率分别随饲料中钙和磷水平的升高而升高,磷的表观消化率随钙水平的升高而降低;随钙磷水平的提高,粪便和水体中的钙磷含量增加,加大了水体污染,因此钙添加水平1.5%,磷添加水平为1.0%时达到了最佳效果。     

Estimating the young evolutionary age of marbled crayfish from museum samples

ABSTRACT

The obligately parthenogenetic, all-female marbled crayfish, Procambarus virginalis, is a triploid descendant of the similarly looking, sexually reproducing slough crayfish, Procambarus fallax, native to Florida and southern Georgia. We have earlier hypothesised that marbled crayfish may have originated from P. fallax only some 25 years ago, perhaps in captivity. In order to investigate the young evolutionary age hypothesis in more detail, I searched the P. fallax collection of the Smithsonian Institution Museum of Natural History (USNM, Washington, D.C.) for evidence of marbled crayfish before its detection in the German aquarium trade in 1995. In particular, I analysed the sex ratio of P. fallax and the frequency of pure female samples throughout its entire distribution range to detect potentially misidentified marbled crayfish among the P. fallax. If marbled crayfish had originated from P. fallax long ago, spread throughout Florida and Georgia and erroneously been sampled as P. fallax, then the sex ratio of the P. fallax in the collection should be significantly biased towards females and pure female samples should be much more frequent than in related Procambarus species. Comparison of P. fallax (n = 2299) with its closest relatives P. seminolae (n = 801) and P. leonensis (n = 150) revealed female proportions of 55.33%, 53.93% and 54.67%, respectively, which are not significantly different from each other. The average female proportion of the 14 Procambarus species investigated (8641 specimens) was 52.54 ± 7.54% (mean ± standard deviation). Moreover, pure female samples consisting of more than 3 specimens that could represent hidden marbled crayfish were not conspicuously more common in P. fallax (2.33%) than in all Procambarus species investigated (1.24 ± 1.79%). These data suggest that the P. fallax collection of the USNM consists of real, sexually reproducing P. fallax and does most likely not include hidden marbled crayfish, supporting the young evolutionary age hypothesis for marbled crayfish.     

水体中吡啶对克氏原螯虾触角电位影响

运用电生理学方法,观察吡啶对克氏原螯虾(Procambaras clarkii)触角电位(antennary potential)的影响.实验结果表明:吡啶对克氏原螯虾的触角电位发放有明显的抑制作用,使电位时程和幅值降低,时相性电位减少渐至消失,放电频率下降.触角电位受抑制的程度随吡啶浓度升高而增大.从表示触角电位发放频率变化与时间关系的直线回归方程可知,其b值大小与吡啶浓度有关,吡啶浓度越大,b值则越小.吡啶对克氏原螯虾的触角电位的抑制作用与螯虾的体重有关,而与螯虾的性别无关.     

蝲蛄的外形及呼吸系统观察

详细描述东北拟蝲蛄的一般外部形态(其它虾类也未报道过的形态部分)及呼吸系统,与朝鲜蝲蛄、克氏原蝲蛄作具体比较,克氏原蝲蛄与东北拟蝲蛄差异较大,地理分布较远,而朝鲜蝲蛄与东北拟蝲蛄相近,有些特征介于二者之间.     

克氏原螯虾溶血活性及其影响因子

采用分光光度法对克氏原螯虾血清的溶血活性进行测定,并研究了温度、pH值、二价金属离子等理化因子对其溶血活性的影响.结果表明,血清经20~50℃处理后,溶血活性随温度升高而有所增强;当温度高于60℃、处理时间为20 min时,溶血活性明显下降直至完全丧失;pH为6~11时溶血活性较高,超出此范围时会对其溶血活性造成较大程度的破坏.分别用5,10,15 mmol/L的Ca2+,Ba2+,Mg2+处理血清,发现Ca2+对溶血活性有促进作用,并随着浓度增加溶血活性有所增强;5~10 mmol/L的Ba2+对溶血活性有明显抑制作用,15 mmol/L的Ba2+反而有促进作用;5~15 mmol/L的Mg2+对溶血活性有明显的抑制作用.