The development of Bi Fe O_3-based ceramics

The multiferroic properties of Bi Fe O3-based ceramics were improved through optimizing their sintering method and doping with certain rare earth elements in pure Bi Fe O3. Some methods, especially liquid-phase sintering method has largely decreased the densities of oxygen vacancies and Fe2in Bi Fe O3-based ceramics, and thus their resistivity became high enough to measure the saturated polarization and the large piezoelectric d33 coefficient under the high electric field of [150 k V/cm. Besides,multiferroic properties were improved through the rare earth elements’ doping in pure Bi Fe O3. Magnetization commonly increases with the proportional increase of Nd,La, Sm and Dy contents up to ＊30 %, while ferroelectric phase can transform to paraelectric phase at a certain proportion. An improved magnetoelectric coupling was often observed at ferroelectric phase with a relatively large proportion. Besides, an enhanced piezoelectric coefficient is expected in Bi Fe O3-based ceramics with morphotropic phase boundaries as they are already observed in thin epitaxial Bi Fe O3 films.     

A study on nano-sized NiO electrodes doping with C and Co prepared by electrochemical deposition-sintering processes and their capacitance performance

In the present work, it was studied that nanoosized NiO electrodes doping with C and Co were prepared by electrochemical deposition in an ethanol solution containing nickel nitrate and cobalt nitrate and sintering processes. The capacitance performance of such electrodes was also studied. The results reveal that samples obtained by electrochemical deposition first on a porous nickel cathode in an ethanol solution contain 0.5 mol/L nitrates, in which Ni(NO3)2 and Co(NO3)2 were mixed in a molar proportion of 8 : 2. After sintering at 300℃ for 2 h, they exhibited the best performance. XRD analysis illustrates that the essential phase of the product is NiO doping with certain content of C and Co. The particles of product imaged a spherical morphology with sizes of 20---30 nm in diameter, and with an average crystal size of 4--5 nm. The capacitance measurement of the simulating C/NiO capacitors indicates that a single electrode can reach as high as 410.0 F/g, and still maintain the value of 323 F/g after 30 recycles showed as a stabilized value with increasing recycles, when it was discharged at a current of 5 mA.     

FeCrAl多孔材料烧结体表面球状物和结壳形成原因研究

以FeCrAl粉末为原料,采用粉末冶金法制备FeCrAl多孔材料,试样烧结后表面出现球状物和结壳现象。采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和X射线能谱仪等设备,对球状物和结壳进行表征,探讨其形成原因并提出预防措施。结果表明：烧结体表面产生球状物和结壳与材料增碳（C）有关。C来源于黏结剂和石墨发热体,在烧结过程中会促进样品表层烧结,形成壳层;C的进一步渗入会降低表层区域熔点,使表层熔化形成液相,冷却后形成球状物。采用硅钼发热体烧结炉可避免试样表面产生球状物和结壳。     

不同颗粒增强铁基复合材料磨损性能的对比

采用动态电流直加热制备,提出了分段加热工艺,研究了陶瓷颗粒增强铁基复合材料的磨损性能和磨损机理.结果表明:四种不同颗粒增强铁基复合材料的磨损量均在#45钢磨损量的15%以下;Ti(C,N)对改善材料磨损性能作用最强,表明与基体界面可经受一定变形量的强化粒子最有利于提高耐磨性;复合材料的耐磨性均在强化粒子体积分数为10%时达到最好.铁基复合材料表现出高摩擦系数时耐磨性反而更好的特性,在耐磨材料应用方面显示出巨大优势.     

粉末烧结法合成FeSi_2合金的反应机理研究

对于按Si∶Fe=2∶1充分混合均匀的Fe-Si粉体,在传统粉末烧结FeSi2合金的过程中,随着温度升高,在690℃附近,首先发生的反应是:Fe+Si=FeSi,在850℃附近,发生的是FeSi和Si反应生成α相FeSi2.常规的固相烧结和激光烧结两种制备方法均证实:由高温向低温冷却的过程中α相的FeSi2均没有完成向β相的转变;在1 200℃附近Fe-Si处于液相状态时,Fe+2Si=FeSi2的反应是优先进行的;激光烧结可以直接生产α-FeSi2.     

微波烧结法制备WC-10Co硬质合金

以直接还原碳化方法制备的超细碳化钨-钴复合粉末为原料，采用微波烧结、放电等离子体烧结、真空烧结制备碳化钨-钴硬质合金，研究1200℃的烧结温度下，不同烧结方法对碳化钨-钴硬质舍金性能的影响。微波烧结超细WC-10Co复合粉末，在1200℃的烧结温度下保温7min，制备了综合性能优良的超细WC-10Co硬质合金，相对密度达到99．5％，洛氏硬度为HRA92．5，矫顽力为30．0kA／m，磁饱和度为83％，平均晶粒粒度≤350nm。与采用常规烧结方法得到烧结体相比，烧结时间显著减少，烧结体性能提高；与放电等离子体烧结相比，晶粒异常长大得到-定的控制。     

球磨时间对Mg2Si组织和性能的影响

采用机械合金化+热压烧结制备Mg2Si金属间化合物.研究球磨时间对烧结产物的物相、微观形貌、硬度及致密度的影响.结果表明:随着球磨时间的延长,Mg、Si粉末的晶粒得到细化,机械合金化过程中没有形成Mg2Si,Mg2Si的形成需要一定的孕育期,热压烧结后产物的组织更加均匀,烧结过程中反应更加充分,硬度和致密度呈现先增大后减小的趋势.     

放电等离子烧结Nb/Nb5Si3原位复合材料

以Nb，Si粉末为原料，采用放电等离子烧结（SPS）技术，原位合成了密实的Nb／NbsSi3复合材料．利用扫描电镜（SEM）、电子探针微区分析（EPMA）和X射线衍射（XRD）等手段对材料的组织结构进行了分析，并探讨了材料的结构形成机理．结果表明，合成的材料由近球状的Nb颗粒与Nb-Nb5S3共晶组织组成；SPS过程中产生的放电等离子体使Si粉及Nb颗粒的表面熔化，熔融的Nb和Si在冷却过程中发生共晶反应而形成Nb-NbsSi3共晶体，而未反应完的Nb颗粒则均匀分布在共晶组织中．     

Ca[（Li1／3Nb2／3）0．95Zr0．15]O3＋δ陶瓷的低温烧结

研究了ZnO—B2O3-Na2O（ZBN）玻璃及B2O3复合掺杂对陶瓷的烧结性能及微波介电特性的影响．研究表明,在990℃,掺入质量分数3wt％ZBN＋0．7wt％B2O3,陶瓷微波介电性能最佳：εt=31．8,Qf=13230GHz,τf=-5．2ppm／℃．     

激光加成技术

综述了激光加成技术的国内外现状和新进展·这种通过添加而不是减少材料来成形的新技术在广泛的军事与民用领域中得到了应用·金属和陶瓷材料在激光加成过程中容易出现表面粗糙、充型不足、层间内应力、烧结疏松、熔覆开裂、球化团聚等现象,会严重妨害所成形材料及结构的品质·提出了一种激光反应加成新技术,可以制备出致密、性能优异的若干金属间化合物和金属基复合材料·