微距PIV测量球床多孔介质单孔流场实验研究

PIV技术是20世纪80年代发展起来的一种瞬态、多点、无接触的流体力学测速方法。它能够在不干扰流场的情况下,实现对流场瞬时和全局测试。本次试验在现有PIV中添加微距镜头,对多孔介质某一孔隙的流动特征进行检测和分析研究。实验选用的多孔介质是由直径20 mm的水晶玻璃球随机堆积而成,孔隙率为0.5923,迂曲度为1.33,选用的流体为65%苯甲醇和35%无水乙醇混合液,其折射率须与多孔介质完全匹配。经过微距PIV实验,得到多孔介质某一孔隙内的流场矢量图。分析发现：低雷诺数时,流体流动受外界干扰随机扰动,方向出现波动性,随着雷诺数增加,惯性力增强,干扰和波动性被抑制,流动变得稳定规则,流线为直线;当雷诺数达到154.1时,开始出现局部流线弯曲,因而可以认为此时多孔介质进入流动转捩期,当雷诺数超过214.9时,流动进入完全湍流,全场流动转为不规则流动,同一雷诺数下不同区域流动大小方向不断发生变化,不同雷诺数下同一区域的流场也不相同。同时还发现,不稳定流动可能源于某些未被惯性抑制的随机流动。当雷诺数超过482.2后,横向流动或者旁路流使湍流流动愈益复杂,不同位置交替出现流体的聚团和剥离消散。这些为多孔介质内部流动转捩机制提供了深入认识和新的发现。     

Preparation and performances of bulk porous Al foams impregnated with phase-change-materials for thermal storage

Shape-stabilized phase change materials (PCMs) exhibit desirable thermal storage properties and are used for energy conservation systems. This study is focused on the preparation and thermal-/dynamic-mechanical properties of the bulk porous Al foams impregnated with organic PCMs such as paraffins and stearic acid. The results indicated that the new shape-stabilized PCMs composites could be produced by a simple and eco-friendly constant-pressure impregnation method. The filling fraction of PCMs was approximately more than 80% for the impregnated samples with vacuuming or without vacuuming. The shape-stabilized PCMs/Al-foam composites exhibited considerable latent thermal storage potential for good interface, desirable phase-change temperature range and latent heat values (72.9 kJ/kg for the paraffin/Al-foam composite and 66.7 kJ/kg for the stearic acid/Al-foam composite). Moreover, the impregnation of PCMs improved the dynamic-compression yield strength, durability and resistance to oxidation of Al foams and made its ideal energy-saving materials.     

声波在固体-多孔媒质界面上的反射和折射

本文介绍了流体饱和的多孔媒质中声波传播特性,较详细地讨论了声波从各向同性固体入射到多孔媒质界面时反射波、折射波势函数与入射波势函数的振幅比,计算了各种波所携带的声功率在入射波声功率中所占比例.本文的数值计算虽然限於高频,但所提出的方法可应用於任何频率的声波.     

多孔材料的研究进展

描述了多孔材料及其合成方法，并对多孔材料在催化、吸附和光学等方面的应用前景做了评述，对其将来的研究重点和发展趋势做了展望。     

粘弹性多孔介质第三越流理论的研究

本文研究了夹有弱透水层的粘弹性双层含水层组的渗流问题,提出了粘弹性多孔介质中的第三类越流模型,给出了该模型的严格解,得到粘弹性含水层组中各层水位变化的计算公式。并给出了计算实例。     

多孔介质中流体热对流的试验研究

本文就含水的倾斜多孔介质层在侧向加热条件下流体热对流稳定性问题进行试验研究.试验在较大的粒径比条件下进行,再现了固体边壁对流场的影响.这与由忽略惯性项所建立的方程组导出的结果有所不同.试验还表明自然对流稳定性与多孔介质层壁间的倾角有关.     

固体流体导热系数对多孔介质内传热影响研究

以多孔介质内固体导热系数ks、流体导热系数kf相互影响多孔介质传热为研究对象,对多孔介质内无量纲温度、速度、高温壁面努谢尔数Nu、平均努谢尔数Nu和ks/kf、瑞利数Ra间关系进行研究;采用差分法对数学模型进行离散化处理,应用高斯–赛德尔方法迭代求解,对网格的独立性和计算过程进行了验证,得到了多孔介质传热一些基本数据,分析了无量纲温度、速度随ks/kf、Ra的变化规律.研究结果表明:ks/kf改变多孔介质内温度和速度的变化,ks/kf值大,温度梯度和速度梯度在壁面附近大,温度梯度和速度梯度在无量纲长度0.2~0.8范围内很小;当ks/kf很小时,多孔介质内对流作用较弱,ks/kf1以后,Nu随着ks/kf逐渐增大,对流作用增强,它成为热传输的主要动力,ks/kf对多孔介质内对流作用的增强、削弱是非常关键的,为强化传热可提高ks/kf值,为削弱传热可降低ks/kf值;在工农业生产中加热多孔介质类物质热量应集中在下部有利于热量高效利用.     

Capacitance, charge dynamics, and electrolyte-surface interactions in functionalized carbide-derived carbon electrodes

This study analyzed the dynamics of ionic liquid electrolyte inside of defunctionalized, hydrogenated, and aminated pores of carbide-derived carbon supercapacitor electrodes. The approach tailors surface functionalities and tunes nanoporous structures to decouple the influence of pore wall composition on capacitance, ionic resistance, and long-term cyclability. Quasi-elastic neutron scattering probes the self-diffusion properties and electrode-ion interactions of electrolyte molecules confined in functionalized pores. Room-temperature ionic liquid interactions in confined pores are strongest when the hydrogen-containing groups are present on the surface. This property translates into higher capacitance and greater ion transport through pores during electrochemical cycling. Unlike hydrogenated pores, aminated pores do not favorably interact with ionic liquid ions and, subsequently, are outperformed by defunctionalized surfaces.     

底部加热多孔介质内传热数值研究

为了研究底部加热多孔介质方腔内的自然对流传热,采用整体求解法对方腔内的温度场和流场进行了数值模拟计算,着重分析了瑞利数Ra对多孔介质方腔内自然对流换热特性的影响.计算结果表明:随着Ra数的逐渐增加,对流换热开始占主要作用,等温线变得扭曲;流线由逆时针单胞对流逐渐变化为正反两个双胞对流,流动出现分叉现象,温度场和流线相互对应.平均Nusselt也随之增大,换热效果得到增强.     

Lattice-Boltzmann simulation of microscale CH4 flow in porous rock subject to force-induced deformation

Accurate knowledge of the influence of rock deformation on the permeability of fluid flow is of great significance to a variety of engineering applications, such as simultaneous extraction of coal and gas, oil/gas exploitation, CO2 geological sequestration, and under- ground water conservation. Based on the CT representation of pore structures of sandstones, a LBM （Lattice Boltz- mann Method） for simulating CH4 flOW in pore spaces at microscale levels and a parallel LBM algorithm for large- size porous models are developed in this paper. The properties of CH4 flow in porous sandstones and the effects of pore structure are investigated using LBM. The simu- lation is validated by comparing the results with the mea- sured data. In addition, we incorporate LBM and FEM to probe the deformation of microstructures due to applied triaxial forces and its influence on the properties of CH4 flow. It is shown that the proposed method is capable of visually and quantitatively describing the characteristics of microstructure, spatial distribution of flow velocity of CH4,permeability, and the influences of deformation of pore spaces on these quantities as well. It is shown that there is a good consistency between LBM simulation and experi- mental measurement in terms of the permeability of sandstone with various porosities.