杨树接种溃疡病菌Botryosphaeria dothidea 后蛋白质表达差异分析

应用双向凝胶电泳技术,分析了抗病毛白杨和感病北京杨接种溃疡病菌Botryosphaeria dothidea前后的蛋白质表达差异。通过比较两个树种接菌前后的双向凝胶电泳图谱,结果得到在两树种之间共有35个3倍蛋白质差异点,其中接种前毛白杨与北京杨相比上调蛋白4个,下调15个;接种后相比则上调蛋白7个,下调9个。同一树种内,毛白杨接种后与对照相比检测到8个上调蛋白,6个下调蛋白;北京杨接种后与对照相比有8个上调蛋白、10个下调蛋白。对这些差异蛋白产生条件及含量进行分析,笔者认为接菌前抗病毛白杨与感病北京杨相比上调蛋白可能与杨树抗溃疡病的组成型抗病机制有关,接菌后抗病毛白杨与感病北京杨相比上调蛋白可能与杨树对溃疡病的诱导型抗病机制密切相关。最后利用质谱技术鉴定出其中的4个差异蛋白分别是核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶小链、预测蛋白、过氧化物歧化酶、异戊烯二磷酸-异构酶,这些差异蛋白可能与杨树对溃疡病的抗性有一定关系。     

吉林省杨树应用的调查

对杨树的良种选育、森林培育技术、森林保护技术、开发利用技术几方面的应用进行了调查,分析了吉林省杨树的应用现状,指出了杨树应用中存在的局限性和今后应努力的方向,对杨树引种栽培及合理开发利用有着重要指导意义.     

铝胁迫对常绿杨叶绿素荧光和叶绿体超微结构的影响

选取常绿杨(Populus×euramericanacv.A-61/186)为试验材料,研究铝胁迫对带绿杨叶绿体荧光特性和超微结构的影响.结果表明铝胁迫对常绿杨叶片的超微结构产生明显伤害,会显著抑制叶片的光合性能,且随着胁迫浓度的加重和时间的延长而加重.0.370mmol/L铝胁迫60d后,光系统II最大光化学效率Fv/Fm降低,初始荧光F0和非光化学猝灭系数NPQ显著上升;叶绿体膜肿胀隆起,叶绿体内淀粉粒消失,叶绿体内基粒片层和基质片层间隙明显,片层弯曲呈蓬松排列.0.222mmol/L铝胁迫90d致使叶绿体内淀粉粒消失;Fv/Fm值显著低于对照、F0和NPQ值显著高于对照;铝胁迫浓度大于0.370mmol/L时,叶绿体肿胀体积增大,叶绿体膜明显隆起,叶绿体内基粒片层和基质片层明显分离,呈扭曲蓬松.铝胁迫下常绿杨叶绿体膜及其片层和淀粉粒的结构变化与光合效率的下降趋势相一致,可作为杨树铝毒鉴定的细胞学参考.     

间作苜蓿对毛白杨纸浆林生长和地力的影响

在宽窄行(2m×1.5 m+8m)栽植模式下,分析了间作紫花苜蓿(M1)对三倍体毛白杨纸浆林生长和地力的影响.结果表明:间作紫花苜蓿4a后,纸浆林林木平均胸径、树高、单株材积与林分蓄积总生长量较间作棉花、小麦宽窄行栽植模式(M2)增长了6.04％、2.53％、13.33％与12.07％,较传统纸浆林栽植模式(M3)增长了28.18％、26.47％、70.00％与10.27％；M1、M2、M3处理下,0～60 cm各土层有机质、全氮、碱解氮含量与间作前相比都有不同程度的提高,而3种模式之间比较,M1、M2土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾含量高于M3；在比较经济效益后发现,M1模式4 a的总净收入最高,达到78 043.56元/hm2,较M2、M3分别提高了3.97％和38.73％.因此,可以在相似立地条件地区大规模推广间作紫花苜蓿的经营模式.     

毛白杨雌雄株过氧化物酶同工酶的等电聚胶电泳分析

用聚丙烯酰胺等电聚胶电泳分离毛白杨过氧化物酶同工酶,可以克服聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳的分辨率低、酶易扩散、电泳时间长等缺点。雌株可分离到10～12条电泳区带,雄株仅得到4～5条。电泳时间由原来的7h缩短至4h。另外,雌雄株间的可溶性蛋白质含量、过氧化物酶活性及色谱扫描曲线都有明显的差异。     

杨树无性系根系特征及地上与地下部分相关性研究

采用大田挖掘法,对20个杨树无性系的根系特征及地上与地下部分的相关关系进行了研究。结果表明,20个杨树无性系的根系主要集中在0～50cm土层中,根系以水平根为主,垂直根基本消失,不定根与地面的夹角较小,基本保持水平。中驻1号、NL351、T26和中驻6号的不定根总长度较大,中驻1号、中驻6号、W07和1107的不定根总数量较多,基部直径在2cm以下的不定根占不定根总数量的60％～80％。从地上和地下部分的生长情况来看,树高、冠幅、地上部干重、根重和根长存在显著相关关系;20个杨树无性系的根冠比在0．23～0．45的范围之内;单位地上部所具有的根长差异性较大,最大的为T26,最小的为中菏1号;根系生理吸收效率与根冠比、单位地上部所具有的根长呈负相关关系,即根系冗余现象。通过聚类分析,在相似系数为1．3时,可将20个杨树无性系分为3类6个亚类。研究结果可为杨树优良无性系的进一步选育和抚育管理提供理论依据。     

Analysis on water potential of Populus euphratica oliv and its meaning in the lower reaches of Tarim River, Xinjiang

Combined with materials measured on leaves water potential of Populus euphratica ofiv in the process of ecological water delivery in the lower reaches of Tarim River, the influence of ground-water depths and soil salinity on leaves water potential of P. euphratica was analyzed. We found that there was evident negative correlation between the leaves water potential of P. euphratica and ground-water depths. The deeper the ground-water depths were, the lower the leaves water potential of P. euphratica was, the more serious drought stress P. euphratica suffered from. Besides, there was evident negative correlation between the soil salinity and the leaves water potential of P. euphratica. The bigger the soil salinity was, the lower the leaves water potential of P. euphratica was, the more serious drought stress was indicated from which P. euphratica suffered. For sections rather distant for Daxihaizi Reservoir as well as for those places of wells rather distant from the river course, ground-water depths and the soil salinity were high; the leaves water potential of P. euphratica was low. The leaves water potential of P. euphratica can reflect the degree at which P. euphratica suffers from drought and salt stress, and has an important reference meaning in analyzing proper ground-water depths for the survival and growth of P. euphratic in the lower reaches of Tarim River.     

分子标记在杨树育种上的应用

本文概述了分子标记在杨树指纹图谱构建、遗传图谱构建、QTLs定位、分子标记辅助选择、遗传多样性分析、杂种鉴定等方面的研究进展,同时指明了分子标记在林木研究上的发展趋势。     

Multiple transgenes Populus xeuramericana ''''Guariento'''' plants obtained by biolistic bombardment

A JERF36 regulation gene, a selection marker gene (NPT-II), and the foreign genes levansucrase (SacB), Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (vgb), and Binary coleopterus insect resistance (BtCry3A OC-I) were co-transferred into Populus xeuramericana 'Guariento' using biolistic bombardment; 25 kanamycin resistant plants were obtained. The results of PCR and Southern hybridization showed that the foreign genes had been integrated into the genome of P. xeuramericana 'Guariento' and 5 genes were all transferred into 7 poplar plants. The results of a BtCry3A ELISA experiment indicated that the BtCry3A gene was expressed in the 7 transgenic poplar plants, and these plants grew well on coastal saline land.