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91.
Many notions regarding the function, structure and regulation of cholera toxin expression have remained essentially unaltered
in the last 15 years. At the same time, recent findings have generated additional perspectives. For example, the cholera toxin
genes are now known to be carried by a non-lytic bacteriophage, a previously unsuspected condition. Understanding of how the
expression of cholera toxin genes is controlled by the bacterium at the molecular level has advanced significantly and relationships
with cell-density-associated (quorum-sensing) responses have recently been discovered. Regarding the cell intoxication process,
the mode of entry and intracellular transport of cholera toxin are becoming clearer. In the immunological field, the strong
oral immunogenicity of the non-toxic B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB) has been exploited in the development of a now widely
licensed oral cholera vaccine. Additionally, CTB has been shown to induce tolerance against co-administered (linked) foreign
antigens in some autoimmune and allergic diseases.
Received 25 October 2007; accepted 12 December 2007 相似文献
92.
Shin JM Vagin O Munson K Kidd M Modlin IM Sachs G 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2008,65(2):264-281
Inhibition of gastric acid secretion is the mainstay of the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease and peptic ulceration;
therapies to inhibit acid are among the best-selling drugs worldwide. Highly effective agents targeting the histamine H2 receptor
were first identified in the 1970s. These were followed by the development of irreversible inhibitors of the parietal cell
hydrogen-potassium ATPase (the proton pump inhibitors) that inhibit acid secretion much more effectively. Reviewed here are
the chemistry, biological targets and pharmacology of these drugs, with reference to their current and evolving clinical utilities.
Future directions in the development of acid inhibitory drugs include modifications of current agents and the emergence of
a novel class of agents, the acid pump antagonists.
Received 30 May 2007; received after revision 15 August 2007; accepted 13 September 2007 相似文献
93.
Muñoz U Bartolomé F Esteras N Bermejo-Pareja F Martín-Requero A 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2008,65(21):3507-3519
It has been proposed that neuroinflammation, among other factors, may trigger an aberrant neuronal cell cycle re-entry leading
to neuronal death. Cell cycle disturbances are also detectable in peripheral cells from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients.
We previously reported that the anti-inflammatory 15- deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J
2 (15d-PGJ
2) increased the cellular content of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27, in lymphoblasts from AD patients. This work
aimed at elucidating the mechanisms of 15d-PGJ
2-induced p27 accumulation. Phosphorylation, half-life, and the nucleo-cytoplasmic traffic of p27 protein were altered by 15d-PGJ2
by mechanisms dependent on PI3K/Akt activity. 15d-PGJ
2 prevents the calmodulin-dependent Akt overactivation in AD lymphoblasts by blocking its binding to the 85-kDa regulatory
subunit of PI3K. These effects of 15d-PGJ
2 were not mimicked by 9,10-dihydro-15-deoxy-Δ12,14- prostaglandin J
2, suggesting that 15d-PGJ
2 acts independently of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ activation and that the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group
in the cyclopentenone ring of 15d-PGJ
2 is a requisite for the observed effects.
Received 14 July 2008; received after revision 2 September 2008; accepted 12 September 2008 相似文献
94.
Taylor DM Maxwell MM Luthi-Carter R Kazantsev AG 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2008,65(24):4000-4018
Sirtuins comprise a unique class of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylases that target multiple protein substrates to execute diverse biological functions. These enzymes are
key regulators of clinically important cellular and organismal processes, including metabolism, cell division and aging. The
desire to understand the important determinants of human health and lifespan has resulted in a firestorm of work on the seven
mammalian sirtuins in less than a decade. The implication of sirtuins in medically important areas such as diabetes, cancer,
cardiovascular dysfunction and neurodegenerative disease has further catapulted them to a prominent status as potential targets
for nutritional and therapeutic development. Here, we present a review of published results on sirtuin biology and its relevance
to human disease.
Received 25 June 2008; received after revision 20 August 2008; accepted 29 August 2008 相似文献
95.
96.
传染性法氏囊病病毒在鸡胚细胞上的优化繁殖 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
研究了传染性法氏囊病病毒在鸡胚细胞上繁殖上的优化条件,结果表明,鸡胚细胞体外增殖培养后对IBDV的敏感性并不减弱,而且有提高。维持培养基中血清浓度的变化对病毒的繁殖影响不大。 相似文献
97.
目的 观察 MPTP慢性帕金森病小鼠海马氧化应激指标及细胞凋亡相关蛋白的表达.方法 应用MPTP制备慢性帕金森病模型,观察行为学改变,Morris水迷宫实验,检测模型组和对照组小鼠海马内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)及丙二醛(MDA)舍量变化,以及免疫组织化学方法、RT-PCR方法、Western blot方法检测海马Bax和Bel-2蛋白表达.结果 慢性帕金森病模型小鼠行为学特点为震颤、活动减少;水迷宫实验结果提示认知功能降低;与对照组海马比较:模型组海马SOD、GSH含量均下降,而MDA含量升高(P〈0.05);模型组海马Bax蛋白表达增高,而Bel-2蛋白表达下降(P〈0.05).结论 氧化应激在慢性帕全森病认知功能障碍发病机制中起重要作用,而Bax和Bcl-2蛋白参与了氧化应激诱导海马神经元凋亡的调控过程. 相似文献
98.
目的观察外源性硫化氢对嗜铬细胞瘤细胞β-位淀粉样前体蛋白裂解酶1(BACE1)的调节作用,进而探讨其对淀粉样前体蛋白/β-位淀粉样蛋白代谢途径的影响。方法用硫氢化钠作外源性H2s供体,实验设空白对照组、NaHs50μmol/L组、NaHS100μmol/L组和NariS200μmol/L组,按分组浓度处理PC12细胞24h后,RT-PCR和Western blot法检测细胞内BACE1 mRNA及蛋白表达,并用Western blot法继而检测APP代谢过程中关键蛋白APP、C99、C83表达变化,EusA法检测细胞培养液中AB40和AB42水平。结果NaHS在实验浓度范围内从基因与蛋白两个水平上呈剂量依赖性下调BACE1表达,并下调C99、Ap40和Ap42蛋白表达,上调C83蛋白,各NaHS组分别与对照组比较,差别均有统计学意义(P〈0.05),而对APP蛋白表达没有影响,各组间比较差别无显著性(P〉0.05)。结论外源性H2s具有通过调节PC12细胞BACE1表达下调APP/Aβ代谢的作用。 相似文献
99.
目的通过胰岛素和磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶(P13K)抑制剂渥曼青霉素(wortmannin)对P13K/丝氨酸苏氨酸蛋白激酶(P13K/Akt)信号通路的激活和抑制作用,观察P13K/Akt信号通路对海马神经元β-淀粉样前体蛋白裂解酶1(BACEl)mRNA水平表达的影响。方法20只sD大鼠随机分为空白对照组、假手术组、胰岛素组和渥曼青霉素组,海马立体定向注射胰岛素和P13K抑制剂渥曼青霉素。逆转录一聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测P13K/Akt信号传导下游蛋白Akt以及BACEImRNA水平。结果注射胰岛素的海马P13K信号通路下游信号分子:AktmRNA表达上调(分别较空白和阴性对照组P=0.047,P=0.002),而BACElmRNA表达下调(分别较空白和阴性对照组P=0.004,P=0.01)。渥曼青霉素组的P13K下游信号分子AktmRNA表达明显被抑制(分别较空白和阴性对照组P=0.002,P=0.039),同时BACEImRNA的表达较对照组上调(分别较空白和阴性对照组P=0.039,P=0.018)。结论胰岛素信号通路P13K/AM可以调节BACEl的转录水平参与阿尔茨海默病的发病机制。 相似文献
100.