环境激素的光化学降解研究进展

环境激素所带来的危害已成为全球性的焦点问题,也是近年来学术研究的热点问题。本文综述了近年来各种环境激素光化学降解方法,并对各种方法进行了对比,对存在的问题进行了总结。     

气相色谱-质谱联用检测水中超痕量雌性激素

雌性激素对水环境中影响越来越大,因为这些化合物在浓度低至0.1 ng/L 时,都会导致雄性鱼的雌雄性别的变化.为了寻找一种具有高灵敏度和高选择性的分析方法用于复杂样品中的雌性激素化合物的检测,研发一种不需衍生化反应的气相色谱-质谱联用直接检测技术来测定水中超痕量的雌性激素 (雌激素酮,E1; 17β-雌二醇,E2; 17α-乙炔基雌二醇,EE2).结果表明：对于雌性激素而言,低温进样口可以有效提高方法的分析灵敏度.优化后的方法具有优良的线性范围,精度及准度,方法检测限分别为0.082 ng/L E1,0.073 ng/L E2,及 0.065 ng/L EE2.     

鲁米诺-过氧化氢化学发光体系测定雌性激素

报道了一种新的测定雌性激素的流动注射化学发光方法.在碱性条件下,金银复合纳米粒子能强烈地增强鲁米诺-过氧化氢化学发光,而天然雌性激素能明显的抑制金纳米溶胶催化的鲁米诺-过氧化氢体系的化学发光.据此,我们建立了测定天然雌激素(雌酮、雌二醇和雌三醇)的化学发光方法.在最优化的实验条件下,测定雌酮、雌二醇和雌三醇的线性范围分别为1.0×10-6-4.0×10-8,1.0×10-5-1.0×10-7和1.0×10-5-7.0×10-8.检测限分别为4.3×10-9mol·L-1,3.9×10-8mol·L-1和6.5×10-9mol·L-1,相应的相对标准偏差分别为 2.7%,1.8 %和2.3%.该方法用于孕妇尿样中雌激素总量的测定,结果令人满意.     

子宫内膜异位症的子宫内膜雌激素受体和孕激素受体mRNAs的表达

目的 :探讨雌激素受体 (ER)和孕激素受体 (PR)在子宫内膜异位症 (内异症 )子宫内膜的表达。方法 :利用大鼠内异症动物模型 ,采用逆转录聚合酶链反应 (RT -PCR)技术 ,检测子宫内膜ER和PRmRNAs的表达情况。结果 :内异症模型组大鼠异位内膜ER、PRmRNAs的表达低于在位内膜和对照组正常子宫内膜 ,与后两者比较差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 1) ;而模型组在位内膜ER、PRmRNAs的表达与正常对照组比较差异无显著性意义 (P >0 0 5 )。内异症模型组异位内膜ER/PRmRNA大于在位内膜和正常子宫内膜ER/PRmRNA(P <0 0 1)。结论 :内异症大鼠异位内膜ERmRNA表达的相对增高在内异症的发生与发展中起着一定的作用     

大鼠前列腺间质增生模型的建立

为建立前列腺间质增生的动物模型,将大鼠随机分为假手术组、去势组、去势 雄激素组、去势 雌激素组、去势 不同比例的雌/雄激素组(1∶50,1∶100,1∶200,1∶300),考察各实验组的前列腺指数、组织切片的形态学和平滑肌特异蛋白免疫组化染色的变化.结果表明与正常组比较,凡施用雌/雄激素组的前列腺指数均明显增高,以1∶100和1∶200组尤为明显.去势 不同比例雌/雄激素组较正常组的前列腺组织增生明显,而且间质中平滑肌细胞成分在雌/雄激素比例为1:100组明显增加.因此,用雌/雄激素协同作用诱导大鼠前列腺间质增生的最佳比例为1∶100.     

17β-Estradiol-sensitivity of cultured myometrial cells

Summary The estrogen sensitivity of cells cultured from the rat myometrium was studied by growing the cells in the absence or presence of 1 nM 17-estradiol. Following a time lag of 10 days, exposure to estrogen resulted in increased incorporation of radiothymidine by the cells. Estrogen treatment also decreased isoproterenol-dependent and GTP-dependent adenylate cyclase activity, but had no effect on basal activity. These cultured cells have been shown previously to have some properties of uterine smooth muscle. The effects estrogen has in viyro, therefore, may reflect important properties in vivo that account for the mechanism by which the sex steroid decreases the sensitivity of the myometrium to isoproterenol.     

雌甾衍生物的质谱研究

报道了正6个含羟甲基、甲酰基及咪唑甲基的雌甾化合物的质谱,讨论了主要碎片离子的生成途径及有关的裂解规律.     

Immunolocalization of aromatase, estrogen and estrogen receptor α and β in the epithelium of digestive tract and enteric neurons of amphioxus (Branchiostoma belcheri )

Immunohistochemical localization of aromatase, estrogen and estrogen receptor in the digestive tract and enteric neurons of amphioxus is investigated. It was found that immunoreactive proteins of aromatase, estrogen and ER-α and β are expressed in hepatic diverticulum, epithelial cells of anterior and posterior region of midgut, as well as in enteric neurons, while hindgut showed immunonegative. The results suggest that digestive tract of amphioxus may be able to synthesize estrogen and possess endocrine function, like rat gastric epithelium and enteric neurons in mammals. The present study provides authentic morphological evidence for explaining the action mechanism of estrogen in regulating the digestive function of gut and the functional evolution of estrogen, which has important theoretical significance in amphioxus.     

Transforming growth factorβ1 and epidermal growth factor decrease the expression of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 in endometrial carcinoma cells

Estradiol (E2) is the major molecular form of estrogens. Its biological effects are determined by estrogen receptors and intracellular E2 concentration in target cells. Regulation of intracellular E2 concentration involves the action of 17β(-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17HSD) type 2, the enzyme inactivating E2 to estrone. It has been demonstrated that 17HSD type 2 is expressed in normal endometrial epithelia and emdometrial carcinoma cells (RL 95-2). However, the regulatory mechanism of 17HSD type 2 expression in emdometrial cancer cells remains unknown. In the present study, the effects of transforming growth factor-(1 (TGF-β1) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) on 17HSD type 2 expression in RL 95-2 cells have been investigated using enzyme activity assay and Northern blot analysis. After stimulation with TGF-β1 or EGF, the in vivo oxidative 17HSD activity in RL 95-2 cells was significantly decreased. It appeared that the inhibitory effect of TGF-β1 and EGF on the enzyme activity of 17HSD type 2 is dose- and time-dependent. Northern blot analysis further revealed that treatment of cells for 48 h with 10 ng/mL TGF-1β And 50 ng/mL EGF reduced the expression 17HSD type 2 mRNA to 30% and 20% of the control level, respectively. The data demonstrate that 17HSD type 2 expression in endometrial carcinoma cells is down-regulated by certain growth factors.     

雌激素受体α亚细胞定位及其与细胞生长的相关性

雌激素受体（Estrogen Receptor，ER）是核受体（Nucleus Receptor，NR）超家族成员，能够被其配体雌二醇（Steroid hormone17-β-estradiol，E2）激活．ER有两种亚型，ERα和ERβ，由4个不同的功能域组成．通过构建ERα的不同缺失突变体（ER△LBD、ER△DBD和ER△Hinge）来研究不同功能域对细胞增殖及在E2刺激下对ERα亚细胞定位的影响．结果表明，ERα呈核多浆少的分布，ER△LBD为核定位．ER△DBD为核多浆少分布，ER△Hinge则主要分布在胞浆．进一步分析表明，E2诱导的ERα入核是核定位序列（Nuclear Location Signal，NLS）依赖性．此外，我们还发现，ERα能够增强293T细胞增殖，且这种促增殖效应可能依赖于ERα在细胞核与胞浆的正常转运．