Triphasic vascular effects of thiol compounds and their oxidized forms on dog coronary arteries

The vascular effects of 2-mercaptoethanol, cysteamine, L-cysteine, glutathione (GSH), cystamine and oxidized GSH (GSSG) on the isometric tension of isolated dog coronary arterial strips were examined, and these effects were compared with the triphasic response induced by dithiothreitol (DTT); a rapid and weak contraction (phase A), an intervening slow relaxation (phase B) and a slowly-developing strong contraction (phase C) which we previously reported. The responses of the arteries induced by 2-mercaptoethanol, cysteamine and L-cysteine consisted of phases A, B and C. The order of contractile potency (ED₅₀ of phase C) was DTTL-cysteine>2-mercaptoethanolcysteamine, while the order of relaxant potency (ED₅₀ of phase B) was DTT>cysteamine2-mercaptoethanol. GSSG and cystamine mainly produced relaxation, which corresponded to phase B. The phase C contraction was specific to the reduced forms of thiols, except for GSH, which produced only relaxation. The participation of endothelial cells was not essential for the contracting or relaxing effects of the thiol compounds. The phase C contraction was depressed by W-7, a calmodulin antagonist, while phase A was not. Therefore calmodulin-dependent protein kinases may participate in phase C, not in phase A.     

Predicting returns and volatility with macroeconomic variables: evidence from tests of encompassing

Tests of forecast encompassing are used to evaluate one‐step‐ahead forecasts of S&P Composite index returns and volatility. It is found that forecasts over the 1990s made from models that include macroeconomic variables tend to be encompassed by those made from a benchmark model which does not include macroeconomic variables. However, macroeconomic variables are found to add significant information to forecasts of returns and volatility over the 1970s. Often in empirical research on forecasting stock index returns and volatility, in‐sample information criteria are used to rank potential forecasting models. Here, none of the forecasting models for the 1970s that include macroeconomic variables are, on the basis of information criteria, preferred to the relevant benchmark specification. Thus, had investors used information criteria to choose between the models used for forecasting over the 1970s considered in this paper, the predictability that tests of encompassing reveal would not have been exploited. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

教师要树立科学的学生观

学生观是教师对学生所持的基本认识,是教师教育观念的核心要素。教师的学生观来自理论和实践,不同的学生观对学生的发展影响不同。树立科学的学生观,是正确处理师生关系的基础,是实现教育创新的突破口。     

浅谈开放教育与图书馆服务

广播电视大学图书馆是电大的文献信息中心,随着开放教育这一新的教育模式的出现,图书馆也应在整体上做出相应的改革,树立“以人为主体”的服务理念。未来图书馆事业发展的核心是信息增值服务和人本服务。     

中国小冰期区域气候演化研究

在我国不同地区通过不同代用资料如冰芯、树轮、孢粉、湖泊沉积物、历史文献记录等恢复的小冰期气候的基础上, 分析总结了小冰期我国气候演化的区域分异特征,并探讨其原因机制,力图为未来气候变化提供参考。     

主成分分析法与层次分析法排序公式的研究

介绍了代数学中的一个重要定理（Perron—Frobenius定理），论述了第一主成分作为系统评估指数的原理和条件；对两类系统排序评估方法，即主成分分析法（PCA）与层次分析法（AHP）的排序公式进行了分析、比较，指出了PCA与AHP内在的、本质的联系及其适用情况，为正确选择使用PCA与AHP评价方法提供了指导。     

浅论新型师生关系的建构

随着素质教育的不断推进和深化，建立新型的师生关系在教学改革中显得尤为重要。通过师生相互沟通使学生参与教学决策，通过了解学生需求以融合师生感情并增强学生的主体意识，从而在更高的层次上激发学生参与教学活动和教学管理的积极性、主动性，使学生能够开放思维的空间，激发创新灵感，并真正成为学习的主人。     

《庄子》文学观探源

“人”、“物”、“道”标示了庄子哲学观的生存论、生态论、宇宙论三个环节，“人与文”、“物与文”、“道与文”是庄子从其哲学观出发，审视并揭示文学起源的三重维度。与此相应，庄子形成了其独具特色的生存论、生态论及宇宙论的文学观。从生存论出发，文学是对生存的诗性观照，是真人自由生命的映射；从生态论出发，文学是对物性的体认及回归；从宇宙论出发，文学是对宇宙情怀的书写，是向大道的归藏，是天与心的交融。在文学的三维书写中，庄子揭示了文学的本质就是见证生命的自由。     

凝析气藏气液相变三区扩展模型研究

推导了凝析气藏因气液相变引起凝析油聚集的新模型,以便在分析评价凝析气井产能时能正确反映凝析油聚集规律及对渗流的影响.目前,对凝析油气的流动、堵塞问题的研究是将反凝析现象引起的凝析油气流动分为3个区,但是没有给出三区的变化规律.从理论上对凝析气藏衰竭开发过程中的三区变化规律进行了严格的推导,得到衰竭开发过程的三区扩展模型.计算结果表明,该新模型能够正确预测三区扩展规律,利用三区扩展和缩小的规律,对正确评价凝析气井的产能具有指导意义.     

系统BIOS中Logo模块的研究与实现

在对基本输入输出系统(BIOS)代码分析的基础上，给出了系统BIOS与Logo模块的关系，讨论了Logo模块中图像文件格式的选取、解压缩、显示及其与系统BIOS的集成等关键技术．结合实际嵌入式系统平台，考虑到易于实现和显示速度，提出了改进的PCX图像显示方法，并给出了Logo模块的具体实现过程．