微生物杀虫剂应用的研究进展

综述了国内外微生物杀虫剂的研究,应用情况,展望了其发展前景,对细菌杀虫剂,真菌杀虫剂和病毒杀虫剂的研究,应用及进展情况进行了重点阐述。     

Biodegradation of bitumen used for nuclear waste disposal

Summary Studies have been carried out to test microbial degradation of bitumen used for encapsulating radioactive waste in Sweden. Microorganisms have been isolated that degrade bitumen. In ong-term tests under conditions simulating those in the silo part of the final repository for low-and intermediate-level radioactive waste, both aerobic and anaerobic degradation of bitumen has been found, equivalent to 0.6–1.5 moles CO₂/month·mg bitumen and 1.1–1.5 moles CO₂/month·mg bitumen, respectively.     

7株处理印染废水细菌的分离及鉴定

从福建石狮锦尚和伍堡污水处理厂的曝气池活性污泥中分离筛选到对碱性孔雀绿染料脱色能力强的7株高效菌株(B1、B2、B3、B4、B5、B6、B7),并对7株细菌进行鉴定:B1菌株为库特氏菌属(Kurthia),B2菌株为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas),B3菌株为色杆菌属(Chromobacterium),B4菌株为气单胞菌属(Aeromonas),B5菌株为节杆菌属(Arthobacter),B6菌株为氧化产碱菌属(Alealigenes),B7菌株为棒状菌属(Corynebacterium).     

青海湖发光细菌的分离鉴定及电镜观察

2004年由青海湖裸鲤体表及内脏中分得22株发光细菌,经51项表型特性测定及免疫学测定,结果表明属于已知的淡水型发光菌弧菌属的青海弧菌(Vibrio qinghaiensis).它们在营养方面可以利用几十种有机物作为唯一的碳源与能源,能在细胞内累积聚β-羟丁酸,生长最适pH值为9.0.不需要Na^＋就可以生长与发光,最适生长盐度为1％~1.2％.本次分得的22株细菌还比较耐温,均可在40 ℃中生长,以前报道的青海弧菌菌株在40 ℃生长的仅为10％.电镜负染色形态观察到细菌表面除单极生鞭毛外,周生还具有短柱状、管状及条索状的突起物,其长短不一.电镜超薄切片也观察到体表有微小突起和泡状突起,与菌毛明显不同.这是从未在其它发光细菌中见到过的.     

异噁草酮微生物降解的研究进展

异噁草酮是一种用量少、活性高、杀草谱广的有机杂环类长残留性除草剂,目前广泛应用于多种作物田。由于异噁草酮在土壤中残留时间长,不仅对后茬敏感作物造成严重毒害,而且对农业生态环境构成了威胁。本文对异噁草酮的作用特点、危害及微生物降解进行综述,分析了微生物对异恶草酮协同降解的可能性及基因工程技术在除草剂降解中的作用。     

Community structure of β-Proteobacterial ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in prawn farm sediment

To examine the community structure of β-Proteobacterial ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in prawn farm sediment, the 16S rRNA gene library was constructed with β-Proteobacterial AOB-specific primers. The library was screened by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and clones with unique RFLP patterns were sequenced. Two groups of β-Proteobacterial AOB, the Nitrosomonas and the Nitrosospira, were detected. The Nitrosomonas occupied an absolute dominant position, accounting for more than 90% of total clones in the clone library, while the Nitrosospira accounting for 5.48%. Nitrosomonas-affiliated clones were grouped into the Nitrosomonas marina and the Nitrosomonas sp. Nm 143 clusters, and Nitrosospira-affiliated clones were grouped into the Nitrosospira cluster 1. No other clusters of β-Proteobacterial AOB were found. The results enriched our knowledge of AOB diversity in the prawn farm sediment and provided important foundational data for further functional studies of these microbes in mariculture environments.     

粉煤灰联合光合细菌处理焦化废水的研究

叙述了用光合细菌联合粉煤灰处理焦化废水的做法。讨论了粉煤灰联合光合细菌处理焦化废水的前景。     

番茄汁乳酸菌发酵饮料的研制

以番茄为原料,经乳酸菌发酵而制成番茄汁乳酸菌发酵饮料,通过对接种量、发酵时间、发酵温度、风味、稳定性进行实验,从而确定出最佳工艺参数为：接种量５％,发酵温度４０℃,发酵时间３０ｈ,黄原胶０．０３％,耐酸性ＣＭＣ－Ｎａ０．０２％。     

转CaM基因工程菌的培养及重组钙调素的提纯

研究了转植物ＣａＭ基因的大肠杆菌的培养以及从该工程菌中分离纯化ＣａＭ的方法,观察到在含氨苄青霉素及氯菌素的ＬＢ液体培养其中,     

小麦内生菌的分离与鉴定

试验从武汉市郊6个地块的小麦中分期、分部位取样,采用常规的细菌分离方法分离到26株内生菌,经形态学、培养及生理生化特征鉴定,它们分别属于蜡状芽孢杆菌(B.cereus)、多粘芽孢杆菌(B.polymyra)、巨大芽孢杆菌(B.negaterium)、坚强芽孢杆菌(B.fiuum)和草状芽孢杆菌(B.mycoides).