浅淡高校理工科食品专业实验教学与实践基地教学的结合

结合吉首大学食品科学与工程学院在实验教学与实践基地教学相结合方面的教学实践,提出了高校培养应用型食品专业人才的具体做法和教改重点.     

新型微生物源天然食品防腐剂及其抑菌性能

天然食品防腐剂按其来源不同可分为植物源天然防腐剂、动物源天然防腐剂以及微生物源天然防腐剂等类型。天然微生物源食品防腐剂由于其本身的优越性,越来越受到人们的青睐。主要对5种新型微生物源天然食品防腐剂(即乳球菌肽、溶菌酶、聚赖氨酸、苯乳酸及曲酸)的理化特性、抑菌机制和抑菌特性等进行了概括和论述,旨在为我国新型、安全、高效微生物源天然食品防腐剂的研究和开发提供参考。     

Potential influence of water level changes on energy flows in a lake food web

Large seasonal water-level fluctuations may influence isotopic signatures of primary producers and the types and amounts of these potential food sources accessible to aquatic fauna of Poyang Lake,the largest freshwater lake in China.In this study,the isotopic signatures of primary producers and consumers were determined,stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis and mixing models were combined to investigate the influence of water levels on the diet and isotopic composition of Poyang Lake fish and inverteb...     

面向农产品安全的关键质量链分析

针对农产品质量安全控制问题,在传统过程能力分析的基础上,将农产品食品链视为一个过程网络,应用PERT/CPM的基本思想,提出了基于质量损失的关键质量链分析评价方法。最后以菠菜产品的种植加工进行了实例分析。     

Feeding ecology of the common sun skink,Eutropis multifasciata (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae), in the plains of central Vietnam

We studied the feeding ecology of Eutropis multifasciata in the tropical plains of central Vietnam to understand better the foraging mode, spatiotemporal and sexual variation in dietary composition, and rarefaction curves of prey-taxon richness for males and females. Stomach contents (n = 161) were collected from October 2013 to May 2014 using a nonlethal stomach-flushing technique. A total of 680 food items (624 animal items and 56 plant items) was found in 161 stomachs of skinks, representing 19 unique animal categories. We found that the diet of E. multifasciata is composed mainly of small, sedentary and clumped prey and that this skink specialises on spiders, insect larvae, snails, grasshoppers and crickets (with a combined importance index of 60%). Dietary composition, prey size and total prey volume in E. multifasciata changed between dry and rainy seasons and among regions. The total volume of food items consumed by males was larger than that of females, and the diversity and evenness index of prey categories were larger in males than in females. However, using rarefaction curves revealed that females have the higher prey-taxon richness after points between 130 and 140 prey items for frequency, and between 160 and 170 prey items for number of items, and the differences were not statistically significant. The foraging behaviour of E. multifasciata best fits a ‘widely foraging’ model.     

Mating behaviour and maternal care in the tropical savanna funnel-web spider Aglaoctenus lagotis Holmberg (Araneae: Lycosidae)

Despite their abundance and diversity, Neotropical spiders have been the subject of relatively few studies of behavioural ecology. The sexual behaviour and maternal care of the spider Aglaoctenus lagotis (Lycosidae) is described here. We performed experimental manipulations to test the hypothesis that males are attracted by female cues in the web. Two predictions were tested: (a) webs used by a virgin female will attract more males than webs used by an inseminated female; (b) the main cue in the web is chemical, so webs recently used by virgin females will attract more males than those that are not recently used. Additionally, we tested the hypothesis that maternal care increases offspring survivorship. Results showed that males are attracted by recently used webs (z = 0.0015; p = 0.037; z-test) and webs of virgin females (z = 0.041; p = 0.036, z-test). Male sexual behaviour presented three different categories: court, pre-mate and mate. After the mating, the females built a cocoon that was transported adhered to the spinnerets and held by the last pair of legs. After the hatching of the eggs, the young migrated to the dorsal region of the mother's body for 5 days. During maternal care the mother eliminates a yellowish drop from its oral cavity, which is collected by the young. During the development of the young until adulthood, the offspring that have their mother present in the first stages of life have greater survival compared with those without maternal care. Our results make it possible to perform comparative analyses between a South American Lycosidae species and other species distributed worldwide.     

Species of the genera Bakera and Mangganeura (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Typhlocybinae) occurring on mango and other crop plants in the Oriental region

The genera Bakera (Bakera), Bakera (Guinobata) and Mangganeura (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Typhlocybinae) are re-described and compared. Sandalla is considered a synonym of Bakera (Guinobata) (syn. nov.).

Bakera (Bakera) nigrobilineata (Melichar) (=vittata Mahmood) is redescribed and illustrated from mango in the Philippines, on which it is frequently abundant, and found in association with Bakera (Bakera) luzonica sp. nov. which is described. Bakera (Bakera) abaca sp. nov. is described from the Philippines having been collected on abaca (Manila hemp). Bakera (Guinobata) nigroscuta Mahmood is redescribed from the Philippines and its association with coconut confirmed. Mangganeura reticulata Ghauri, described from Malaysia on mango, has been found in Thailand and the hitherto unknown female is described.     

基于食品安全事件异质性的信息扩散过程研究

针对企业在食品安全事件中承担的责任不同,研究不同类型食品安全事件下的信息扩散过程,对政府和企业的食品安全应急管理和风险信息交流具有重要意义.本文首先构建了食品安全信息扩散的修正Bass模型,分析可辩解型食品安全事件下的负面信息扩散过程;然后,运用改进的社会影响模型分析了不可辩解型食品安全事件下的负面信息扩散过程;最后,运用顶新"馊水油"视频事件的互联网搜索数据进行实证分析.研究表明,可辩解型食品安全危机中的信息扩散达到动态稳定状态时,信任与不信任的消费者比例与正负信息的相互渗透率有关.在不可辩解型食品安全危机中,消费者对负面信息的免疫力越弱,越容易对食品企业和政府行为产生不信任,并改变消费决策,信息扩散速率和临界值的分布影响动态均衡的实现过程.     

Natural sweet macromolecules: how sweet proteins work

A few proteins, discovered mainly in tropical fruits, have a distinct sweet taste. These proteins have played an important role towards a molecular understanding of the mechanisms of taste. Owing to the huge difference in size, between most sweeteners and sweet proteins, it was believed that they must interact with a different receptor from that of small molecular weight sweeteners. Recent modelling studies have shown that the single sweet taste receptor has multiple active sites and that the mechanism of interaction of sweet proteins is intrinsically different from that of small sweeteners. Small molecular weight sweeteners occupy small receptor cavities inside two subdomains of the receptor, whereas sweet proteins can interact with the sweet receptor according to a mechanism called the ‘wedge model’ in which they bind to a large external cavity. This review describes these mechanisms and outlines a history of sweet proteins. Received 11 February 2006; received after revision 31 March 2006; accepted 11 May 2006     

基于创新能力培养的食品微生物学教学改革

以创新性能力培养为目标对食品微生物学的理论和实践教学进行了一系列改革。在理论教学方面通过优化课程知识体系、创新课程教学手段、改革课程考核模式,构建了"知识点"与"能力点"并重的教学体系;在实践教学方面通过优化实验项目、革新教学手段、完善考核方式,形成了技能和意识并重的教学理念。通过这些改革措施的实践,学生在自主学习能力、课堂参与激情、创新兴趣等方面得到了明显提高。