太平洋地区地球主磁场长期变化特征的研究

研究太平洋地区主磁场的长期变化特征,对揭示该地区的“偶极子窗”的时间演变和长期变化规律有重要意义.作者使用最新的国际地磁参考场IGRF13模型资料,分析1900—2020年期间太平洋地区主磁场的长期变化特征.结果表明1900—2020年太平洋地区主磁场的空间展布符合“太平洋偶极子窗”的分布特征.该地区主磁场的长期变化在赤道以北为缓慢变化,以南则是较快变化.偶极子场成分变化缓慢,非偶极子场成分变化较快.非偶极子场的长期变化以西向漂移为主,但各分量的西漂速率有显著的差异.垂直分量（Z）和北向分量（X）的西漂速率分别为0.23°/a和0.21°/a,均接近于0.2°/a的全球非偶极子西漂速率;东向分量（Y）的西漂速率为0.17°/a,低于全球非偶极子西漂速率. Y分量的长期变化在34°N附近发生扭曲并且在北太平洋表现为缓慢东漂,这一长期变化特征可能与太平洋北部的30°N和45°N之间在核幔边界处存在的古板块的俯冲过程有关.     

西太平洋洋底高原内部结构与形成演化

洋底高原是在深海盆地中最显著的大火成岩省,记录着海洋大规模的岩浆活动,对研究地壳结构、板块构造、地幔动力学乃至地球演化历史都具有重要意义。西太平洋是洋底高原分布最密集的区域,是研究洋底高原内部结构与形成演化的最佳场所。选取西太平洋中最具代表性的6座洋底高原——沙茨基海隆、赫斯海隆、麦哲伦海隆、翁通爪哇高原、马尼希基高原以及希古朗基高原,通过对这6座洋底高原地质概况的简要描述,归纳近年来获得的地球物理与地球化学重要观测结果,揭示其内部结构的共性,包括大面积地形隆起、异常厚的地壳、异常负的地幔重力异常以及形成于洋中脊之上或者附近的位置特征;探索了其形成机制,即地幔柱与洋中脊的相互作用可能是洋底高原的主要成因。     

Sipuncula from Hainan Island (China)

Sipunculans from shallow depths ranging from 0 to 44 m, collected by two Chinese-German expeditions to Hainan Island (China) during the years 1990 and 1992, are recorded. Seventeen species in eight genera and five families are recognized from the total 271 individuals collected. An analysis of the sipunculan literature has shown that 10 of these species are new records for Hainan. Among them, Phascolosoma (Phascolosoma) meteori (Hérubel, 1904) also represents the first record for the Pacific Ocean.     

Studies on the provenzanoi and other pagurid groups: VI. Larval and early juvenile stages of Pagurus ochotensis Brandt (Decapoda; Anomura; Paguridae) from a northeastern Pacific population,reared under laboratory conditions

Zoeal, megalopal, and early juvenile stages of Pagurus ochotensis (Brandt, 1851) from a northeastern Pacific population are described from laboratory-reared individuals. Zoeal and megalopal development in this population is compared with that described for a population of this species from Hokkaido, Japan. First and second juvenile crab stages of this species are described for the first time. The nearly identical developmental morphology of the two populations supports the earlier synonymy of the northeastern Pacific species, Pagurus alaskensis (Benedict) with P. ochotensis.     

Some copepods parasitic on elasmobranch fishes from the Peruvian coast,with the description of two new species of Eudactylina van Beneden, 1853 (Eudactylinidae) and four new records

Six species of copepods parasitic on elasmobranch fishes from the Peruvian coast has been recorded. Two of them, Eudactylina peruensis and E. myliobatidos parasitic on Rhinobatos planiceps (Rhinobatidae) and Myliobatis chilensis (Myliobatidae), are considered new species. New geographical and host records for Pseudocharopinus narcinae Pillai, Pseudocharopinoides myliobatidos Castro and Baeza, Perissopus oblongus (Wilson) and Trebius latifurcatus (Wilson) are included, as also is a checklist of copepod species parasitic on elasmobranch fishes from the coast of the South American Pacific.     

Designation of two new pontoniine shrimp genera (Decapoda: Palaemonidae)

Two new pontoniine genera are designated, Pseudopontonia gen. nov., for Pontonia minuta Baker, and Anchiopontonia gen. nov., for Pontonia hurri Holthuis, both genera being presently monospecific. Pontonia minuta is known only from south and eastern Australia, and is of unknown commensal association. Anchiopontonia hurii, an associate of spondylid bivalves, known from the Marshall and Tuamotu Islands, is also newly recorded from the Ryukyu Islands.     

New deep-sea Nannastacidae (Crustacea,Cumacea) from the Eastern Pacific collected by R.V. 'Vema'

Five new species of Procampylaspis Bonnier, 1896 (P. cornuta, P. jonesi, P. ledoyeri, P. muradianae and P. spinosa) and a new genus and species, Vemacumella heardi, are described from material collected by R.V. ‘Vema’ from the eastern Pacific coast of South America from 1958 to 1962. The new species of Procampylaspis are compared to congeners from the Atlantic. Vemacumella n. gen. is closely related to Styloptocuma Bacescu and Muradian, 1974, but also possesses a few characters in common with Cumella Sars, 1865; Bate, 1856.     

A study on amphipods from the superfamily Stegocephaloidea Dana 1852 from the northeastern Pacific region: systematics and distributional ecology

Nine species (including five new to science) of non-lafystiid stegocephaloid amphipods have been recognized within the collections of the Canadian Museum of Nature from the NE Pacific (Alaska to Oregon), viz. Acanthonotozoma rusanovae Bryazgin 1974 (Acanthonotozomatidae), Iphimedia rickettsi Shoemaker 1931 (Iphimediidae), Parandania boecki (Stebbing 1888), Phippsiella cascadiensis n.sp., Stegocephalexia penelope n. gen., n. sp., Stegocephalopsis mamillidacta n. sp. (Stegocephalidae). Odius kelleri Bruggen 1907 is reallocated to Cryptodius n. gen., and C. unguidactylus n. sp. and Imbrexodius oclairi n. gen., n. sp. (Odiidae) are also described. Keys are presented which allow the genera of Odiidae of the world, and of this collection of species, to be distinguished.     

西北太平洋打转台风的时空规律

以西北太平洋打转台风(分为顺时针与逆时针两类)为例,研究了1949～2011年期间打转台风的时空规律.结果表明:打转台风主要发生在洋面,主要分布在110°E～150°E、10°N～30°N区域范围内.台风打转后的发展方向以偏北为主,也有一部分打转后西行,绝大多数顺时针打转台风的打转中心位置随纬度的增加而偏东.打转台风生成的高发期为7～10月,占总数的73.7%,8月份生成次数最多,2月份生成次数最少.我国的南海区域和菲律宾以东洋面是生成打转台风的两个高频区,夏季和秋季是打转台风活动的高发期,夏季的打转台风生成次数稍低于秋季,但是其深入内陆的范围广于秋季,并且台风打转中心位置在夏季达到最北.     

Relationship between real meridional volume transport and Sverdrup transport in the North Subtropical Pacific

The meridional volume transport (MVT) associated with the wind-driven gyre is an important index for ocean general circulations because it is closely related to the poleward oceanic heat transport. In particular, the mass transport by the subtropical gyre…