北太平洋海气系统主要模态的年代际变化

结合北太平洋各种指数、海表温度和高度场,分析了北太平洋海气系统的突变特征及其与时间尺度分量的联系.研究结果表明:各种指数、海表温度和高度场在20世纪60年代、70年代和90年代末期均存在显著突变;海表温度60年代的突变主要分布于北太平洋北部,70年代的突变主要分布于北太平洋北部、中部和东南部,90年代突变则主要分布于北太平洋东南部和西南部;高度场突变主要分布于北太平洋北部、西北部和东南部,且突变范围从高层向低层递减.各种指数中60年代突变1～8a尺度分量的贡献较大,70年代突变是20～30a尺度分量的贡献较大,90年代的突变则是1～8a尺度和20～30a尺度分量作用相当.在3个突变时期中,海表温度和高度场的空间分布及相关性分析验证了这种联系的可能性.     

北太平洋海浪特征分析

利用最新的欧洲中尺度天气预报中心(ECMWF)提供的1979—2014年逐6 h的ERA-Interim有效波高和风速数据,分析近36a北太平洋海浪场的变化特征。结果表明:有效波高经验正交函数分解(EOF)的第1模态呈同相位分布,该模态与太平洋10 a涛动指数(PDO)和厄尔尼诺事件(ENSO)呈显著的遥相关,可以通过这些气候因子的变化来预测有效波高的年代际变化;第2模态表明北太平洋西部海域的有效波高有显著的递增趋势,而东部海域则逐渐减小;第3模态以45°N为界,西风带呈现高低纬反相的双涡型分布,并有显著的2.5 a左右年际变化周期。北太平洋海域有效波高和风速重现期极值的大值区位于西风带,重现期越长,日本群岛南部海域风速加强越显著,加强的极值区延伸到中国的东海甚至是菲律宾群岛的东部海岸。     

Argo盐度延时质量控制改进方法的试应用

为了检验改进的Argo延时质量控制方法对盐度漂移误差的校正效果,分别利用现有质量控制方法和改进方法,对太平洋海域3个代表性Argo浮标盐度观测资料进行了延时质量控制,并利用船载温盐探仪资料或高质量浮标资料,对2种方法的质量控制结果进行了对比验证。结果表明,在温盐度变化较大的海域,改进方法不仅能够有效地检测和判断电导率传感器发生漂移的浮标起始观测剖面,而且可以有效地校正由电导率漂移所带来的盐度误差,且校正的精度高于质量控制方法。在温盐度分布比较均匀的海域,2种方法对浮标盐度漂移误差的校正结果几乎无差异。     

Occurrence of two types of El Niño events and the subsurface ocean temperature anomalies in the equatorial Pacific

The relationships between the evolution of two types of E1 Nifio events and the subsurface ocean temperature anomaly （SOTA） in the equatorial Pacific are compared in this study. The results show that both types of E1 Nifio are negatively correlated to the SOTA in the equatorial western Pacific, but relationships are different in different phases of E1 Nifio. Furthermore, the occurrence of different types of E1 Nifio is related to different features of the equatorial thermocline, e.g. its zonal gradient, significant variation area, amplitude and duration of thermocline oscillation. The propagation of SOTA in the equator plays an important role during the evolution of both types of E1 Nifio, but shows dramatic differences in intensity, duration and phase reverse of warm SOTA. Moreover, the pathways of SOTA signal are different between these two types of E1 Nifio. The dominant pathway in the life cycle of Eastern Pacific （EP）-E1 Nifio lies on the equator and to its north, but there is no loop to the south of the equator. In contrast, the dominant pathway in Central Pacific （CP）-E1 Nifio is located on the equator and to its south, and the propagation signal of SOTA to the north of the equator is very weak. The relationships between the zonal wind anomalies and the two types of E1 Nifio are also preliminarily discussed. It is shown that EP-E1 Nifio is more likely to respond to the westerly anomalies over the equatorial central and western Pacific, while CP-E1 Nifio is more likely to respond to the westerly anomalies over the equatorial western Pacific and need the cooperation of easterly anomalies over the equa- torial eastern Pacific to certain extent.     

南太平洋所罗门群岛海域长鳍金枪鱼的生物学特征

根据2011年8-9月南太平洋所罗门群岛海域长鳍金枪鱼资源调查数据,对捕获的长鳍金枪鱼群体组成、性比、性腺成熟度、摄食等生物学特性进行了分析。结果表明:(1)南太平洋延绳钓渔业捕获的长鳍金枪鱼个体较大,叉长为77.5～112.9 cm,优势叉长为93～103 cm(67.2%),平均叉长97.6 cm,雌性与雄性个体大小存在显著差异(P<0.05);(2)体重(W,kg)与叉长(FL,cm)关系分别为:W=4×10-5FL2.829(9总体),W=10-4FL2.565(9雄性),W=6×10-5FL2.764(7雌性);(3)雌、雄性别比为1:1.94,成熟期雌性个体性以Ⅴ、Ⅵ期为主(94.4%),雄性个体以Ⅲ、Ⅳ期为主(65.7%)。推测南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼在调查海域及调查期间存在产卵行为;(4)长鳍金枪鱼在繁殖期间摄食水平较低,摄食等级以0、1级为主(81.1%),其中空胃率占56.6%。平均饱满度指数较低,且与个体大小无关(P>0.05)。     

基于多卫星融合数据的海平面特征分析

利用1993—2008年法国空间局的AVISO多卫星融合高度计资料,采用随机动态、EOF等方法分析全球海平面变化的长期趋势、变化幅度以及季节变化的空间分布特征.结果表明:(a)1993—2008年间太平洋海平面呈西升东降的形态,印度洋绝大部分海区海平面呈上升趋势,大西洋除湾流流域外的其他海区海平面的长期趋势以上升为主;(b)全球海平面变化存在显著的年变化和半年变化等季节信号,无论是半球平均还是洋盆平均,北半球海平面季节变化的振幅明显大于南半球,中纬度海区季节变化的振幅最大;(c)北印度洋海平面季节变化的振幅高于同纬度带的北太平洋和北大西洋;(d)太平洋、印度洋、大西洋三大洋受西边界流、赤道流系等强流影响的海域海平面变化幅度大于周围海域;(e)赤道海域各大洋东、西边界和大洋内区海平面变化不同步,可能受赤道海洋波动的影响较大;(f)厄尔尼诺年,西太平洋暖池和赤道太平洋中部海平面明显降低,赤道东太平洋海域海平面明显升高,赤道印度洋海域东、西边界的海平面变化与其相反.     

抗癌药物Taxol研究进展

本文就抗癌药物Ｔａｘｏｌ的化学成分，药理作用，临床等研究的历史，近况及其发展，予以综述。     

Indian Ocean temperature dipole and SSTA in the equatorial Pacific Ocean

The observed sea surface temperature (SST) data of recent 100 years are analyzed and the existence of the Indian Ocean temperature dipole in the equatorial region is exposed further. It is very clear that the amplitude of the positive phase (higher SST in the west and lower SST in the east than normal) is larger than that of the negative phase (higher SST in the east and lower SST in the west). The dipole is stronger in September-November and weaker in January-April than in other months and it also appears obviously inter-annual and inter-decadal variations. Although the Indian Ocean dipole in the individual year seems to be independent of ENSO in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, in general, the Indian Ocean dipole has obviously negative correlation with the Pacific Ocean dipole (similar to the inverse phase of ENSO mode). The atmospheric zonal (Walker) circulation over the equator is fundamental to relate the two dipoles to each other.     

Circulation in the western tropical Pacific Ocean and its seasonal variation

An assimilation data set based on the GFDL MOM3 model and the NODC XBT data set is used to examine the circulation in the western tropical Pacific and its seasonal variations. The assimilated and observed velocities and transports of the mean circulation agree well. Transports of the North Equatorial Current (NEC), Mindanao Current (MC), North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) west of 140°E and Kuroshio origin estimated with the assimilation data display the seasonal cycles, roughly strong in boreal spring and weak in autumn, with a little phase difference.The NECC transport also has a semi-annual fluctuation resuiting from the phase lag between seasonal cycles of two tropical gyres' recirculations. Strong in summer during the southeast monsoon period, the seasonal cycle of the Indonesian throughfiow (ITF) is somewhat different from those of its upstreams, the MC and New Guinea Coastal Current (NGCC), implying the monsoon's impact on it.     

东太平洋结核区细菌调查及鉴定

对东太平洋结核区6个站点沉积物样品进行细菌培养和数量统计，发现各个站点间的细菌总量变化幅度较大，站点E2003-01的细菌量最多；细菌量纵向分布规律基本是从表层到深层逐渐递减．对所获得的菌株进一步用RFLP和16S rDNA基因序列分析，发现所获得的菌株主要来自变形菌门（Proteobacteria）的α、β、γ亚群和放线菌门（Actinobacteria），厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）等类群．此外还发现了与已知细菌菌种相似性在97％～95％之间的有12株，它们可能是新种；与已知细菌菌种相似性小于或等于95％的有4株，它们可能是新的属种．