“Unfolding” Natural Resource-Use Information Systems: Fieldwork in Botswana

My research examines the performance of natural resource-use information systems. I question why such systems, despite receiving substantial financial and human investment, appear to have a weak impact on projects, programs, and policy intended for rural poverty alleviation in developing countries. Drawing on my understanding of the process of unfolding introduced by C. West Churchman, and its particular relationship to Habermasian constitutive interests, I reflect on my experiences of using the concept during fieldwork undertaken in Botswana. The concept is found useful on two fronts: first, it provides a purposeful guide for gathering and processing information/knowledge—what I have termed an epistemological intent; second, it provides a useful template for evaluating other information systems; in particular, the role of expertise—what I have termed an ontological intent. The process of unfolding, as I understand it, also provides an invitation for constructive (rather than self-indulgent) personal reflection: what might be termed a constitutive reflexive intent. By making information gathering and knowledge generation less mystical and a more transparent social activity, the conceptual and practical application of the process of unfolding can help toward retrieving inquiry as being a purposeful, openly political, and thereby less deceptive engagement: features which I believe are found particularly wanting in the business of rural development information gathering.     

Spiking neural P systems with anti-spikes and without annihilating priority as number acceptors

Spiking neural P systems with anti-spikes （ASN P systems） are variant forms of spiking neural P systems, which are inspired by inhibitory impulses/spikes or inhibitory synapses. The typical feature of ASN P systems is when a neuron contains both spikes and anti-spikes, spikes and anti-spikes wil immediately annihilate each other in a maximal way. In this paper, a restricted variant of ASN P systems, cal ed ASN P systems without anni-hilating priority, is considered, where the annihilating rule is used as the standard rule, i.e., it is not obligatory to use in the neuron associated with both spikes and anti-spikes. If the annihilating rule is used in a neuron, the annihilation wil consume one time unit. As a result, such systems using two categories of spiking rules （identified by （a, a） and （a,a^-）） can achieve Turing completeness as number accepting devices.     

能量存储:基于全新原理的“纳米弹簧”

许多机械装置如钟表、玩具等都采用弹簧来驱动,其能量的存储与释放是通过弹簧内部原子间距的变化来实现的。但是这种原子间距的变化(即弹性变形)所能存储的体能量密度相对很低,如何提高能量的转换效率以及材料存储的能量密度是当前材料科学理论和实验研究共同关注的一个问题。本研究利用金属钨单晶纳米线在加载时独特的孪晶变形行为,提出了一个可以在纳米尺度下高效存储与释放机械能的新原理,并据此设计了相应的纳米装置——纳米弹簧。与块体弹簧不同,本文提出的纳米弹簧通过表面原子的重构来实现能量的存储与释放。进一步的计算还表明,由于金属钨孪晶界面的移动阻力非常小,金属钨纳米弹簧的能量转换效率可以达到98%;同时该纳米弹簧存储的体能量密度可以超过钟表发条的1600倍,并具有30%的应变以及3GPa的驱动应力。     

Human peripheral blood monuclear cells transfected with messenger RNA stimulate antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in vitro

The efficiency of test vaccines needs to be evaluated by quantification of the triggered cellular immune response. Usually, for these assays, autologous target cells expressing the vaccine antigen are required. In the context of messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccinations, the target cells used for the read-out are mRNA-transfected monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DCs). Their production typically requires samples of 100 ml blood from the patients, and limits the number of assays that can be performed. We show here that fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) can be transfected with mRNA by electroporation. Such cells are as efficient as mRNA-transfected Mo-DCs for their ability to activate memory T cells in vitro. Thus, mRNA-transfected PBMCs are a convenient replacement of mRNA-transfected Mo-DCs for the in vitro monitoring of natural or vaccine-induced immune responses.Received 17 February 2005; received after revision 1 May 2005; accepted 7 Juni 2005     

多连通区域上一类带开方的Riemann 边值问题

在由L分割的复平面是L围成的区域S 和由l 1个连通分支Si-(i=0,1,2,…,l)组成的开集S-情形下,求出边值问题ψ (t)=G(t)ψ-(t) g(t)的一般解为ψ(z)=∏(z)X(z)2(2 1π∫iLg(t)dtX (t)∏(t)(t-z) Pλ(z))2.     

输油管道对流换热系数模型

热油管道能耗巨大,其散热问题的研究具有极高的工程应用价值。尽管在很多情况下流体与管壁间的对流换热系数很大,可以在总传热系数计算中忽略对流换热系数的影响,但并不总是如此。主流与近壁边界间的过渡区、即热边界层内的换热是不可忽略的。采用动量热量比拟的方法建立输油管道对流换热系数模型,并在此基础上对总传热系数进行了分析计算。计算结果表明,边界层内的对流换热系数对管道的总传热系数具有较大影响。     

变径水泥土搅拌桩加固桥头软基的试验分析

变径水泥土搅拌桩是一种新型的水泥土搅拌桩技术,它针对传统水泥土搅拌桩的弊端进行了改进,取得了良好的工程效果.介绍了变径水泥土搅拌桩在高速公路桥头软基的应用情况,并对其施工机械和施工工艺进行了详细说明.试验结果表明,变径水泥土搅拌桩保证了桩体中的水泥掺入量,提高了水泥浆分布的均匀性,从而保证了桩身质量,特别是深部桩体的质量;28 d龄期桩体的强度和均匀性较7 d均有较大提高;桩身水泥土芯样的电阻率与其强度之间存在着较好的线性相关关系;在其他试验条件相同时,扩大头高度越高,变径搅拌桩的单桩极限承载力越高;在保证质量的同时,变径水泥土搅拌桩能相对节约了工程成本,经济效益明显.     

钉形搅拌桩复合地基工程应用及其沉降计算方法

为了分析钉形搅拌桩复合地基的加固效果,通过现场试验介绍了钉形搅拌桩在某软土地基处理工程中的应用,并在一定简化的基础上,推导了考虑桩土相互作用和桩端下刺的钉形搅拌桩复合地基沉降计算方法--广义承台法.结果表明:在工程地质条件、处理面积、桩身质量、填土高度相近的情况下,钉形搅拌桩试验区的水泥用量少于等截面双向搅拌桩试验区,地表沉降小于等截面双向搅拌桩复合地基,说明钉形搅拌桩比等截面双向搅拌桩取得了更好的加固效果和经济效益.计算实例表明,广义承台法计算结果与实测值比较吻合.     

边界元法计算浅表面裂纹应力强度因子

文章在常规边界元法中引入几乎奇异积分的解析算法,来计算浅表面裂纹的应力强度因子,并给出了一个二维平板中有浅表面裂纹的算例.处理了几乎奇异积分的边界元法可以有效分析离表面仅为0.5 μm的浅表面裂纹.结果显示,随着距表面距离的减小,裂纹的应力强度因子收敛于常数,但其大小与无限大板中裂纹的应力强度因子有很大差别.     

T611型卧式镗床精化改造分析

国产60—70年代的T611型卧式镗床大多因原结构性能和多年使用的原因,有必要进行精化改造。本文分析了T611型卧式镗床存在的一些弊端,并从数显改造等方面有针对性的介绍了一些精化改造的措施和方法,同时分析了改造后所具有的性能特点。