缔置法制取二元复肥硫酸钾铵的工艺研究

以氯化钾、硫酸、氨为原料 ,在常温下采用缔合置换法合成无氯钾肥 ,在试验范围内找出适宜的工艺条件 ,同时测定了该产品的主要物性 .     

施锌对青花菜产量及品质的影响

青花菜施锌研究表明.在施用氮、磷、钾肥的基础上,施用锌肥能显著提高青花菜的产量,并使其品质得到明显改善,表现为NO_3—N含量明显降低而叶绿素、V_c及体内锌含量显著增加.在本试验条件下,以每667m~2施用硫酸锌4kg处理青花菜产量最高.     

石膏转化法制取硫酸钾单因素实验的回归分析

在一系列单因素实验基础上考察了氨催化下石膏转化法制取硫酸钾中各种因素对氯化钾转化率的影响，应用一元回归分析方法建立了各单因素实验数学模型，得出了反应的优化工艺参数。结果表明氯化钾转化率可达９４％．     

冀东褐土区花生施用石膏研究初报

在冀东褐土区花生田间施用石膏，对花生经济性状和植株各部位钙、镁含量有明显影响，并显著提高花生产量。石膏经济最佳施用量和最高产量施用量分别为３５８．９ｋｇ／ｈｍ２和３８６．０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，经济合理施用量为３３１．５８～３４５．３５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，在此范围内，花生增产１９．０６％～１９．２３％。     

我国有机农业对植物营养和肥料使用的要求

在有机农业质量监控体系下 ,通过种养结合、轮作、施肥等措施形成有机农业生态系统内的物质循环。按照相关规定进行施肥 ,保证植物营养平衡供给 ,保持和发展土壤肥力和生物活性。同时保障了有机食品及环境的安全。     

如何降低有机化学实验成本的探索

从实验内容、实验药品和学生实验产品三个方面探索如何降低有机化学实验的实验成本。     

生物有机肥对盐渍土壤水盐动态及番茄产量的影响

为探讨生物有机肥对不同类型盐渍土壤(设施次生盐渍土、滨海盐渍土)水盐动态和作物产量的影响,采用盆栽试验方法研究不同施肥(不施肥、化肥、生物有机肥、生物有机肥+化肥(比例为1∶1))处理对盐渍土土壤含水率、电导率、盐分离子组成变化和番茄产量、水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:(a)单施生物有机肥处理和生物有机肥+化肥处理均可以提高土壤含水率;(b)单施生物有机肥处理的土壤电导率最低,其次为生物有机肥+化肥处理;(c)对于设施次生盐渍土,与化肥处理相比,单施生物有机肥处理和生物有机肥+化肥处理的土壤盐分离子总量分别降低了23.63%和15.60%;(d)对于滨海盐渍土,与化肥处理相比,单施生物有机肥处理和生物有机肥+化肥处理的土壤盐分离子总量分别降低了22.34%和10.32%;(e)番茄收获后,设施次生盐渍土各处理的NO_3~-和SO_4~(2-)在土壤盐分中的占比降低,滨海盐渍土各处理的Na~+、K~+和Cl~-占比降低;(f)单施生物有机肥处理最有利于土壤微生物的增加,其次是生物有机肥+化肥处理;设施次生盐渍土中生物有机肥+化肥处理的番茄产量最高,比单施生物有机肥处理增产165.5%;(g)施用生物有机肥可以提高设施次生盐渍土的作物产量和灌溉水利用效率,而单施化肥则可能会造成作物绝产;(h)施用化肥虽然提高滨海盐渍土的作物产量,但施用生物有机肥处理的灌溉水利用效率相对较高。     

The Application Research of OMMT in Alkyd Coatings

In this experiment we take the OMMT as the additive to improve the anti-sedimentation and thickening properties of the organic coatings,followed by a theoretical study on the suspension stability of the OMMT in solvents.The OMMTs were introduced into the alkyd coatings system by the preformed gel method.By comparing the different effects which the OMMTs with different grades had produced,we reach a conclusion that the OMMT numbered 24T421-2 has the best performance on the enhancement of properties we have mentioned above,as well as the anti-flowing and level characters.【Key words】Coatings;Organic montmorillonite;Suspendability;Anti-sedimentation     

无烟粉煤催化气化碱渣煅烧脱碱制取硅肥

静态条件下研究了福建8种无烟粉煤催化气化后的含碱灰渣添加助剂煅烧脱碱后制取硅肥的可行性.结果表明:添加5%高岭土在870℃煅烧30~40 min,各煤种灰渣脱碱率接近100%,脱碱后的灰渣有效溶出量均超过20%;采用XRD及SEM对煅烧后的灰渣进行表征,揭示了助剂煅烧脱碱生成硅肥过程的实质,即在适宜煅烧温度下,助剂中被活化的主要物质SiO2(形成玻璃网络氧化物)、Al2O3(修饰中间氧化物)和灰渣中熔融并分解的Na2CO3(分解为修饰网络氧化物Na2O)等发生化学反应生成难溶于水而易溶于植物根系分泌有机酸的枸溶性硅酸盐,在煅烧脱碱的同时得到硅肥,实现了含碱灰渣煅烧脱碱无害化与资源化.     

Mechanisms,the interventionist theory,and the ability to use causal relationships

In the area of social science, in particular, although we have developed methods for reliably discovering the existence of causal relationships, we are not very good at using these to design effective social policy. Cartwright argues that in order to improve our ability to use causal relationships, it is essential to develop a theory of causation that makes explicit the connections between the nature of causation, our best methods for discovering causal relationships, and the uses to which these are put. I argue that Woodward's interventionist theory of causation is uniquely suited to meet Cartwright's challenge. More specifically, interventionist mechanisms can provide the bridge from ‘hunting causes’ to ‘using them’, if interventionists (i) tell us more about the nature of these mechanisms, and (ii) endorse the claim that it is these mechanisms—or whatever constitutes them—that make causal claims true. I illustrate how having an understanding of interventionist mechanisms can allow us to put causal knowledge to use via a detailed example from organic chemistry.