电位-pH图与工艺条件的选择

本文绘制了298K和373K-ZnO-H_2O系以及298K Zn-H_2O系和Fe-H_2O系的主要平衡反应的电位-pH图,运用该图选择了“从锌灰中回收镉、制备硫酸锌”的合理工艺条件。生产实践表明:所选择的pH值是合适的。     

平炉尘合成超细Fe3O4碱性条件研究

包头钢铁厂的平炉尘含铁量高，较径微细，以γ—Fe2O3为主．经过提纯分级可作为生产超细磁性材料的原料．在有Fe^2 存在及避免氧化的条件下，将平炉尘转化为超细晶石型铁酸盐Fe3O4，对不同碱性条件下的反应进行了比较研究．     

大型船体装焊车间焊接烟尘扩散模式理论探讨

目前国内外对焊接烟尘主要集中在发生机理、性质和治理等方面的研究，但对其在室内的扩散方式、运动轨迹等方面几乎没有具体的探讨。这里利用成熟的室外大气污染物扩散理论—梯度输送理论和箱模式理论，提出焊接烟尘在室内的扩散模式和浓度分布的理论计算方法。     

公路清扫车吸尘系统仿真设计

运用计算流体力学技术对高速公路清扫车吸尘系统的流场进行了仿真分析与结构改进。仿真采用有限体积法FVM,利用非结构化网格对吸盘模型进行网格划分,采用k-湍流双方程模型模拟湍流流动。经过分析不同设计方案对吸尘效率的影响,最后得到一个改进的设计方案,大大提高了靠近地面的气流速度,改进了流场分布,提高了吸尘效率,且不会出现气流外泄造成的二次污染,达到了设计要求,为开发具有自主知识产权高效率的公路清扫车做出了重要贡献。     

Atmospheric heterogeneous reaction of acetone: Adsorption and desorption kinetics and mechanisms on SiO2 particles

Acetone plays an important role in photooxidation processes in the atmosphere. Up to date, little is known regarding the heterogeneous fate of acetone. In this study, the adsorption and desorption processes of acetone on SiO2 particles, which are the major constituent of mineral dust in the atmos-phere, have been investigated for the first time under the simulated atmospheric conditions, using in situ transmission Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It is found that acetone molecules are adsorbed on the surfaces of SiO2 particles by van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding forces in a nonreactive and reversible state. The rates of initial adsorption and initial desorption, initial uptake coefficients and adsorption concentrations at equilibrium have been determined at different relative humidity. The presence of water vapor cannot result in the formation of new substances, but can decrease the adsorption ability by consuming or overlapping the isolated OH groups on the surfaces of SiO2 particles. In the desorption process, a considerable amount of acetone molecules will remain on SiO2 particles in dry air, whereas acetone molecules are almost completely desorbed at a high relative humidity. In order to evaluate the role of heterogeneous reactions of acetone and other carbonyl compounds in the atmosphere, a new model fitting the atmospheric conditions is needed.     

Seasonal variations of dust record in the Muztagata ice cores

Based on the oxygen isotope ratio and microparticle record in ice cores recovered at Mt. Muztagata, Eastern Pamirs, the seasonal variations of atmospheric dust have been reconstructed for the past four decades. High dust concentrations and coarser particle grains have the similar trend with oxygen isotope value. Our statistical results indicate that 50%--60% high dust concentration samples occur during the season with high oxygen isotope values （summer）, while low dust storm frequency during spring and winter. Back-trajectory analysis shows that the air mass hitting Muztagata predominately came from West Asia （such as Iran-Afghanistan Plateau） and Central Asia, which are the main dust source area for Muztagata. Dust storms in those source areas most frequently occur during summer （from May to August）, while frequent dust storm events in northern China mainly occur during spring （March to May）. Regions in the path of Asian dust transport, such as in Japan, the North Pacific, and Greenland, also show high dust concentrations during spring （from March to May）. Our results indicate that dust storms have different seasonality in different regions within Asia.     

磁化水对喷射混凝土粉尘浓度及回弹率的影响

锚喷支护是矿山井巷广为应用的一种支护方式。降低喷射混凝土粉尘浓度及回弹率,对改善施工环境、保障安全生产、提高喷层混凝土质量,具有重要的意义。文中分别选取175,185,220,262,355mT等5个磁感应强度,就磁化水对喷射混凝土粉尘浓度及回弹率的影响进行了试验研究,同时对磁化水降低喷射混凝土粉尘浓度及回弹率的机理进行了探讨。结果表明,最佳磁感应强度为220mT。用磁化水代替普通水拌制喷射混凝土,各时间段的粉尘浓度降幅均在65%以上,回弹率降低39.5%。     

ESP电场粉尘非稳态收集过程数值仿真

基于ESP电场荷电粒子非稳态收集理论,得出非稳态收集过程中驱进速度的计算方法.根据紊流传质原理,推导出紊流掺混系数的表达式,并且针对收尘极板表面存在层流边层的事实提出新的极板处边界条件.对于粉尘非稳态收集过程的二维粒子输运方程,采用有限差分方法,运用逐次超松弛迭代法构造静电除尘输运方程的差分格式,利用Matlab仿真语言进行数值仿真,得到静电除尘器电场非稳态粉尘收集过程中不同时刻粉尘粒子的质量浓度分布规律,并根据断面质量浓度分布得出分级效率.对模型不同断面的粉尘质量浓度的实测结果与模拟结果进行比较,二者吻合较好.基于非稳态收集过程的数值模拟得到的收集效率比传统理论计算结果更加准确.     

微量振荡天平法确定激光粉尘仪大气颗粒物转换系数

本研究确定了某激光粉尘仪测试上海市环境大气颗粒物(PM10和PM2.5)的质量浓度转换系数K值。利用激光粉尘仪和TEOM RP 1400a型监测仪,同时对选定的环境监测站同一监测点的环境大气颗粒物(PM10和PM2.5)进行了测定,得出了该激光粉尘仪测试上海市环境大气颗粒物(PM10和PM2.5)的质量浓度转换系数K值呈基本正态分布,分别为0.00594和0.00158。