一种改进的遗传算法及其在电梯群控中的应用

以电梯群为群控对象,提出了基于改进的遗传算法系统解决方案;采用权向量整体优化方法,得到最优目标函数值,并由此确定了群控对象目标评价函数,提出了一种基于保存策略进化模型（ElitistModel）的遗传算法求解电梯群拉问题的方法．算例及仿真结果对比表明,该方法在小规模应用中,与以往算法相比并无明显优势;但在较大规模的电梯群控仿真中,能效降电梯乘客的等待时间和电梯系统能耗．     

苦豆子、铁棒锤生物碱对菜青虫的毒力测定

苦豆子、铁棒锤生物碱对菜青虫毒力测定的结果表明，苦豆子、铁棒锤生物碱对菜青虫均有较好的胃毒作用，用致死中量表示苦豆子生物碱LD50＝30．07μg/g，铁棒锤生物碱LD50＝38．83μg/g．室内触杀作用试验和田间防效试验表明，苦豆子生物碱有效剂量为2000μg/mL、600μg/mL和铁棒锤生物碱有效剂量为2000μg／mL时，对菜青虫有很好的防治效果，在施药后72h，校正防治效果可速80％-90％，且仍呈逐渐增大趋势(活虫数逐渐减少趋势)．     

Evolutionary and ecological implications of cardenolide sequestration in the monarch butterfly

Summary Monarch butterflies sequester cardenolides from their larval host plants in the milkweed genusAsclepias for use in defense against predation. Of 108Asclepias species in North America, monarchs are known to feed as larvae on 27. Research on 11 of these has shown that monarchs sequester cardenolides most effectively, to an asymptote of approximately 350 g/0.1 g dry butterfly, from plants with intermediate cardenolide contents rather than from those with very high or very low cardenolide contents. SinceAsclepias host plant species are distributed widely in space and time across the continent, monarchs exploit them by migration between breeding and overwintering areas. After overwintering in central Mexico, spring migrants east of the Rocky Mountains exploit three predominantAsclepias species in the southern USA that have moderately high cardenolide contents. Monarchs sequester cardenolides very effectively from these species. First generation butterflies are thus well protected against predators and continue the migration north. Across the northern USA and southern Canada most summer breeding occurs on a fourthAsclepias species and in autumn most of these monarchs migrate back to Mexican overwintering sites. The ecological implications of this cycle of cardenolide sequestration for the evolution of monarch migration are discussed.     

Cellular responses to mild heat stress

Since its discovery in 1962 by Ritossa, the heat shock response has been extensively studied by a number of investigators to understand the molecular mechanism underlying the cellular response to heat stress. The most well characterized heat shock response is induction of the heat shock proteins that function as molecular chaperones and exert cell cycle regulatory and anti-apoptotic activities. While most investigators have focused their studies on the toxic effects of heat stress in organisms such as severe heat stress-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, the cellular response to fever-ranged mild heat stress has been rather underestimated. However, the cellular response to mild heat stress is likely to be more important in a physiological sense than that to severe heat stress because the body temperature of homeothermic animals increases by only 1–2°C during febrile diseases. Here we provide information that mild heat stress does have some beneficial role in organisms via positively regulating cell proliferation and differentiation, and immune response in mammalian cells.Received 14 May 2004; received after revision 2 August 2004; accepted 16 August 2004     

Predicting Recessions with Leading Indicators: Model Averaging and Selection over the Business Cycle

Four methods of model selection—equally weighted forecasts, Bayesian model‐averaged forecasts, and two models produced by the machine‐learning algorithm boosting—are applied to the problem of predicting business cycle turning points with a set of common macroeconomic variables. The methods address a fundamental problem faced by forecasters: the most useful model is simple but makes use of all relevant indicators. The results indicate that successful models of recession condition on different economic indicators at different forecast horizons. Predictors that describe real economic activity provide the clearest signal of recession at very short horizons. In contrast, signals from housing and financial markets produce the best forecasts at longer forecast horizons. A real‐time forecast experiment explores the predictability of the 2001 and 2007 recessions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

循环流化床锅炉优化燃烧控制方法

针对循环流化床锅炉燃烧特点,以75 h/t循环流化床锅炉控制为例,通过深入现场,吸取锅炉设计制造专家及熟练操作人员的控制经验,提出了炉内燃烧控制系统参数的处理优化方案,完善循环流化床锅炉实现燃烧控制效果。     

关于循环系统的几点注记

在系统和循环系统概念的基础上对循环系统类cycle-system进行了讨论，解决了范畴问题，基本问题和同构不变性问题，分别得出了结果。     

关于高校健美操比赛中运动状态的调控

分析了高校健美操运动员赛前及比赛过程中产生不良运动状态的原因,指出过高紧张状态及过低紧张状态是导致大学生业余健美操选手比赛失常的症结所在。对此,提出了针对大学生业余选手运动状态的4种调节方法。     

富营养化水体原位控藻技术研究进展

 水体藻类过渡繁殖引起水体缺氧,透明度下降,致使水生动物窒息死亡,破坏水体生态系统,影响水质,危害人体健康与安全.综述3藻华的危害性,通过物理法、化学法和生物法,概述原位控藻的主要技术,分析与探讨多项技术实践结果的优缺点,认为以清除过多内源营养盐为主,同时结合运用控藻技术,加强外源截污与面源有效控制等环境质量管理的综合措施,是长期控藻与改善水质的重要方向.     

《剑桥中华人民共和国史 1949--1965年》质疑

麦克法夸尔与费正清主编的《剑桥中华人民共和国史1949—1965年》基于其特殊的历史观和研究方法，依据“王朝循环”的理论，从政治学角度将中国几千年的历史看成一个延续不断的整体，新中国的历史在他们眼中自然就成为了封建王朝史的延续，不仅逻辑上说不过去，在情感层面和理论层面也是为新中国历史研究工作者所难以接受的。