Introduction of AtNHX1 into beet improved salt-tolerance of transgenic plants

AtNHX1 gene encoding the Na ^＋/H ^＋ antiport on the vacuole membrane of Arabidopsis was transferred into small bud tips of 1-3mm in length derived from immature inflorescence cultures of six genotypes of beet （ Beta vulgaris L. ） by the infection of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and transgenic plants with improved salt-tolerance were obtained. When transgenic plants at 5-leaf stage were potted in sand and irrigated with solutions containing a range of concentrations of NaCl （171-513mM）, they showed minor symptoms of damage from salinity and better tolerance than the controls. There were considerable discrepancies of salt-tolerance between transgenic plants originated from the same genotype and also between different genotypes. After vernalization, bolting transgenic plants were enveloped with two layers of gauzes for self-pollination. T1 seedlings tolerant to 342-427mM NaCl were obtained respectively. These results revealed that it was feasible to improve salt-tolerance of beets by the introduction of AtNHX1 gene into cultured bud cells.     

六种有机磷农药及三种重金属离子对小球藻的毒性研究

本研究报告了六种有机磷农药及三种重金属离子对小球藻生长的ＥＣ５０值,并证实有机磷农药的毒性大小依次为：辛硫磷,对硫磷,水胺硫磷,ＤＤＶ,氧化乐果,甲氨磷。同时研究证实了重金属的毒性大小依次为Ｈｇ２＋,Ｃｕ２＋,Ｚｎ２＋,以及Ｆｅ２＋对Ｃｕ２＋毒性的拮抗作用。     

四种纳米氧化物对小球藻的毒性效应研究

本文旨在研究四种纳米氧化物(nZnO、nNiO、nSiO2、nFe2O3)对小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)的毒性效应.通过不同浓度纳米材料对小球藻的96 h急性毒性实验,考察了纳米氧化物对小球藻生长状况和藻细胞内叶绿素、蛋白质含量的影响.结果表明:低浓度纳米材料促进藻细胞生长,叶绿素a和可溶性蛋白质含量也相应增加;高浓度纳米材料对藻类均产生不同程度的生长抑制作用,该效应表现出一定的浓度依赖性,且nZnO、nNiO、nSiO2和nFe2O3开始表现抑制作用的浓度分别为≥0.5、1.0、10.0和100.0 mg/L.另外,nZnO的半数效应浓度(EC50)值为2.41 mg/L,毒性最强;nNiO次之,EC50值为51.03 mg/L,nSiO2和nFe2O3毒性较小,EC50值分别为198.80和271.76 mg/L.     

小球藻在养殖水体内的生长特征及其影响作用

研究小球藻Chlorella vulgaris在养殖水体内的生长特征及其作用。结果显示,在光强4 500 lx,水温25℃条件下,小球藻在养殖水体内呈Lgiatic方式增长,K值为2 543×10~4 mL~(-1),r值为0.591 3,最大可持续产量(MSY)为375.91×10~4 cell·mL~(-1)·d~(-1),在养殖系统内每10~6 cell L~(-1)小球藻的生产力为9.4 J·L~(-1)·d~(-1)。对比实验研究发现,水体营养盐浓度对小球藻密度有一定的影响,罗非鱼苗在自然养殖水体内的最大密度制约作用为4.47 g·L~(-1),小球藻能够有效吸收养殖水体中的氮、磷营养物质,能够改善养殖环境,减轻养殖密度制约作用,提高养殖效果。     

小白芸豆凝集素的分离纯化及性质研究

从小白芸豆中分离纯化出一种新的凝集素,对其部分理化性质和生物活性进行研究.小白芸豆经过去皮粉碎、浸提、硫酸铵分段盐析、SP Sepharose阳离子交换、Q Sepharose阴离子交换和Superdex 200凝胶过滤层析后可得到小白芸豆凝集素(Phaseolus vulgaris var.albuslectin,PVAL)纯品.测定了PVAL的表观分子质量、亚基分子质量、糖含量、等电点、氨基酸组成、酸碱稳定性以及抗癌性.PVAL的表观分子质量为136 ku,是由2种分子质量分别为36.2 ku和32.2 ku的亚基组成的四聚体,糖含量为4.93%,等电点分布在pH5.3~6.0之间.PVAL分子无半胱氨酸,也无二硫键,疏水性氨基酸质量分数约为37%.PVAL对酸碱的耐受性比较好,并且对肿瘤细胞MDA-MB-435S有较好的抗性.     

中国沿海长蛸群体16S rRNA基因的遗传变异研究

采用线粒体16S rRNA基因序列测定技术,分析了我国沿海长蛸4个野生群体的遗传结构及其变异。经比对获得了1个长度为512 bp的核苷酸片段,检测到48个变异位点,占分析位点总数的9.4%,45个个体共检测到30个单倍型,单倍型多样性指数H为0.964 6,总体核苷酸多样性指数Pi为0.032 9,表现出较丰富的遗传多样性。AMOVA分析表明,4个长蛸群体间存在较高的遗传分化,82.07%的遗传差异存在于群体间,而仅有17.93%的遗传差异存在于群体内。聚类分析也表明4个群体可明显聚为2个类群,一个由大连、青岛和舟山群体组成,另一个由厦门群体组成;厦门群体与其它群体间的遗传距离达到0.094,遗传分化系数和基因流分别达到0.97和0.02,表明厦门群体与其它3个群体有着显著的遗传隔离,可能为亚种水平的分化。上述群体间的分化可能与长蛸自身的底栖生活方式、海区水文条件及地理历史因素等有关。     

夏枯草胚和胚乳发育的初步观察

应用光学显微镜对夏枯草胚和胚乳的发育进行了初步观察.胚乳为细胞型.初生胚乳细胞横裂一次,形成上、下两个细胞,上面的即合点室细胞,下面的细胞再横裂一次形成中间细胞和珠孔室细胞.三者分别发育成二核的单细胞合点吸器、胚乳本体和二核的单细胞珠孔吸器.胚胎发育为柳叶菜型.成熟胚直立,具两片长大的子叶.     

2种藻类储磷释磷过程与生长情况对比

在不同氮磷比的培养条件下,利用实验室静态培养试验,通过结合铜绿微囊藻和小球藻生长情况分析对比了铜绿微囊藻和小球藻的储磷能力和营养利用特征.结果表明,在培养环境下,2种藻类都能够在最初的延滞生长期首先将水中全部磷吸收并储存于细胞体内,而后随着生长的需要和环境的变化,适时将体内的磷释放出来供细胞繁殖所用,但铜绿微囊藻和小球藻在不同氮磷比的营养条件下释磷生长的规律表现有所差别.因此,在以磷作为水体是否会发生水华的监测指标时,应注意到对藻类生长而言水中磷的存在具有隐蔽性这一特点,需要使水中的磷质量浓度始终保持较低水平,包括在藻类的低速生长期,这样才能确保减少水华发生的可能性.     

紫外分光光度法测定夏枯草微丸中总黄酮的含量

以芦丁为标准品,采用分光光度法并对夏枯草微丸中的总黄酮进行其含量测定;该法简便易行,重现性好,结果可靠,可作为该制剂的质量控制标准.     

Ultrastructure of spermatozoa and spermatogenesis in Octopus minor (Sasaki, 1920) (Cephalopoda: Octopoda)

Octopus minor is widely distributed along the coastal areas of the west Pacific Ocean. This paper investigates spermatozoa, spermiogenesis from the testes, and spermatophores using light and electron microscopy. Mature spermatozoa are about 650 µm long. The head includes mainly the acrosome and nucleus. The acrosome consists of a striated cone surrounded by a single helix. The nucleus is cylindrical, homogeneous and of high electron density. The neck is short and connected with the head through the internal nuclear fossa. The axoneme connects the head, neck and tail. The tail is divided into middle, principal and final pieces. The ‘9 + 9 + 2’ structure is surrounded by a mitochondrial sheath, which includes 9–11 mitochondria in transverse section. The sperm morphology is compared with the ultrastructure of other cephalopod spermatozoa, and taxonomic and phylogenetic implications are discussed.