冰表面结构及其物理特性的新探索

冰是自然界中最广泛存在的物质之一,对人类生存乃至整个自然界变化都有重要的影响,因此对其本质的研究一直吸引着科学家们的广泛兴趣．尽管上百年来科学界对冰的各种形态及其相变规律做了大量研究,但对冰的表面结构及其相应物理化学性质的了解仍然非常有限．近几年来,我们在冰表面的结构及其物理化学特性的研究中取得了一些新的进展．首次提出了可以描述冰表面氢原子（悬挂OH键）结构有序度的序参量,并发现冰表面结构在融化前比体内更加有序的现象．进一步的研究显示冰表面序参量跟冰表面分子空位的形成和小分子的吸附有着密切的联系．序参量大也就是悬挂OH键排布越不均匀的冰表面的分子越容易形成空位,而分子吸附也越容易发生．     

Preparation and performance of LiNi0. 8Co0.2O2 cathode material based on Co-substituted α-Ni（OH）2 precursor

Co-substituted α-Ni（OH）2 was synthesized by a novel microwave homogeneous precipitation method in the presence of urea. LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 cathode material was synthesized by calcining Co-substituted α-Ni（OH）2 precursor and LiOH·H2O at 900℃for 10 h in flowing oxygen. XRD, FTIR, FESEM and electrochemical tests were used to study the physical and the electrochemical performances of the materials. The results show that the prepared LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 compound has a good layered hexagonal structure. Moreover, the LiNi0.8Co0.2O2cathode material demonstrates stable cyclability with a high initial specific discharge capacity of 183.9 mAh/g. The good electrochemical performance could be attributed to the uniform distribution of Ni^2＋ and Co^2＋ ions in the crystal structure and a minimal cation mixing in LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 host structure.     

Direct observations of reaction zone structure in shock-induced ignition of methane air mixture

Ignition of methane/air mixture by the passage of a shock wave is an important issue for understanding more details of its gaseous detonation. The experiments of shock-induced ignition of stoichiometric methane/air mixture were conducted on a shock tube platform, The reaction zone structure in weak and strong ignition cases were investigated by digital chemiluminescence imaging and planar laser induced fluorescence （PLIF） techniques. Due to smaller gradients in induced time in weak ignition, which provided more time to nonlinear chemical reaction process, the results show that the reaction structures are highly nonuniform in those weak ignition cases, which become more regular while induced shock waves become stronger. In strong ignition case, it gives a typical detonation structure. The characteristics of reaction zone released by single-pulsed OH PLIF technique agreed well with other experimental measurements in this paper and were also in accord with the conclusions of previous researches. The successful implementation of the PLIF system has explored a new high temporally and spatially resolved method for the study of interaction between shock wave and gaseous matter in shock tube.     

Mn(OH)2空气氧化反应研究

研究了在碱条件下,用ＭｎＣｌ２,ＭｎＳＯ４,Ｍｎ（ＮＯ３）２溶液生成的Ｍｎ（ＯＨ）２的空气氧化反应。Ｘ－射线衍射测定结果表明,氧化产物为Ｍｎ３Ｏ４。用电势－ｐＨ图对反应结果做了分析,测定并分析了Ｍｎ（ＯＨ）２空气氧化过程中ｐＨ值随时间的变化特征。     

球形Ni(OH)_2粒径分布对电化学活性的影响

以不同粒径球形Ni(OH)2为活性材料,以泡沫镍为导电基体,制备氢氧化镍电极,进行活性检测.结果表明,以按一定粒径比例混合的Ni(OH)2为活性物质所制备的电极,其电化学活性最高.     

纳米Al(OH)3干法表面改性及其在EVA中的应用

研究了钛酸酯偶联剂T对纳米Al(OH)₃的干法改性工艺，确定了偶联剂最佳质量分数0.5%、改性时间25min、改性温度100～110℃。采用红外光谱、TEM等检测手段对改性结果进行表征，改性后无机粉体表面包覆有机基团，吸油值减小，团聚减弱，比表面积增加。改性Al(OH)₃在乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)中具有良好的分散性，阻燃效能提高，并保持了材料的力学性能。     

碱协同介质阻挡放电等离子体破解污泥

通过响应曲面法分析研究Ca(OH)2与介质阻挡放电(dielectric barrier discharge,DBD)等离子体对污泥破解的协同作用,并推测其可能机制.结果 表明:仅使用Ca (OH)2破解污泥,投加量在300 mg/g MLSS(混合液悬浮固体)时,得到较好的破解效果,反应60 min后,污泥溶解性化学需氧量(solluted chemical oxigen demand,SCOD)、蛋白质、多糖释放量分别为836.00、296.11、64.21 mg/L;仅使用DBD等离子体处理污泥,破解效果与放电电压、放电时间呈正相关关系.碱协同DBD等离子体破解污泥效果优于单独破解,通过实验和模型预测放电电压10.29 kV,放电时间24 min,碱投加量288.77 mg/g MLSS,碱处理时间60 min为最佳联合破解条件,该条件下SCOD为2 021.03 mg/L.推测液相OH-提高了O3氧化能力和效率,同时碱对纤维与脂类的溶解有利于活性物质发挥破壁作用.     

Ni(OH)2/USY分子筛复合材料的制备及其超级电容性能

以USY分子筛为模板,用液相共沉淀方法合成出Ni(OH)2/USY复合材料.用XRD、TEM对Ni(OH)2/USY复合材料的微观结构进行表征分析.结果表明,纳米级高分散、疏松填充的Ni(OH)2材料具有良好的电解质OH-离子电化学可及性和快的扩散速率,循环伏安和恒流充放电测试均表明该材料具有良好的超级电容特性,该材料的单电极比电容高达1 670 F/g.