海岸带不同复合农林业系统的养分状况

通过对江苏沿海滩涂具代表性的银杏采叶园(A)、银杏果—叶—农复合园(B)、银杏材—农复合园(C)等3种不同银杏与农作物复合系统中植物和土壤养分分布规律及生物循环效率的测定分析,研究了不同复合系统的营养动态特征。结果表明,各模式表层土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷含量(ρ)呈现出ρB>ρA>ρC的特征,而钾素含量是ρA>ρC>ρB,同时表层土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷变异系数都以B模式最大,钾素的分布较均匀。土壤养分的垂直分布基本呈现出随土层加深而逐渐减小的趋势,但各模式各层养分含量的季节变化具不同特征。养分的生物循环率以钾最高,达55.26%,但模式B、C平均养分循环效率分别为45.6%、53.59%,明显高于A。氮素在各模式的总量是ρB>ρC>ρA,磷、钾都为ρA>ρB>ρC。土壤养分总体特征为有机质含量不高,贫氮缺磷,钾素较丰,因而提高豆类间作的强度,加强秸杆还田力度,增施磷肥是维持系统养分平衡的必要措施。     

PM10治理措施有效性的灰色关联评价及实证分析

大气环境是一个复杂的、多因素相互作用的开放系统。区域大气环境受整个大气环境影响的同时,更与区域内经济发展水平、工业布局、环境治理实效等因素密切相关。如何有效地监测和控制大气环境中的PM10污染,已经成为全球及区域大气环境治理的重点和难点。PM10在时间、空间和数量上的不确定性以及大气治理措施的不稳定性等系列特征,使大气治理措施与PM10在区域环境中的分布和运动现状构成了一个灰色关联系统。首次将斜率关联分析法应用于PM10治理措施有效性的评价,并实证分析重庆市“九五”期间各大气环境治理措施与PM10污染的相对有效性。     

Simultaneously catalytic removal of NO<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript> and particulate matter on diesel particulate filter

Diesel engines combine a high fuel economy with high durability and low maintenance costs and are, there-fore, used on a large scale for transportation purposes.However, the environmental pollution by diesel-engine exhausts has become more and more serious in the lastdecade, and currently the regulation of diesel emissions becomes tightened especially with respect to nitrogen ox-ides (NOx) and particulate matters (PM). Since the reduc-tion of both NOx and PM to the admitted level cannot be …     

Regional patterns of particulate spectral absorption in the Pearl River estuary

Knowledge about the spectral absorption properties of marine particulate matters is of important signification for various goals of optical oceanography, among them the most concerns are the bio-optical algorithms for ocean color remote sensing[1], basic theory of light radiative transfer in water column[2], bio-optical models for estima-tion of primary productivity and simulation of the upper ocean ecological process[3,4]. The spectral absorption by marine particulate matter is combined influe…     

暗管排降对小麦养 分、干物质、籽粒产量及品质的影响

着重探讨了南方不同生态类型圩区农田埋设塑料暗管对小麦地上部分矿质营养吸收、干物质累积和分配、产量及品质的影响。试验结果表明：农田埋设塑料暗管排水能显著提高麦株地上部分对Ｎ、Ｐ,Ｋ矿质营养元素的吸收,促进小麦各生育期尤其是拔节孕穗期地上部分干物质累积,小麦增产幅度达到２０．３％￣５３．３％,并能提高籽粒蛋白质和氨基酸含量,改善小麦籽粒的品质。     

定性信息组成循环经济标杆下的最佳决策模型

文章首先利用物元的负正转换和发散性的思想找到与待决策单元同名、同值、同征的单元并收集它们的定性信息;其次,用层次分析方法给出了待决策单元标杆的选择方法;最后,给出依赖标杆的最佳决策模型。此模型是把策略的形成以及如何开拓策略集、优化技术的运算技巧结合起来。因而,此决策模型是利用了各种提高效益的潜在因素模型,并且具有较强的可操作性。     

中国传媒产业发展的几点认识和思考

传媒产业作为潜力巨大、前景诱人的朝阳产业,正在迅速崛起。在我国传媒产业的发展中,充分认识传媒产业与其它产业、经济价值与社会价值、传播者与受众以及规模与效益等关系,是理论与实践并重的课题。在加强我国传媒产业发展过程中,需要着力解决目前存在的观念滞后、体制不活、人才短缺等几个方面的问题。     

观赏植物无土栽培的研究进展

综述了国内外近10年来观赏植物无土栽培的研究进展和应用情况。介绍了对无土栽培中栽培基质、营养液配方和植物生长发育规律的研究情况，并就观赏植物无土栽培的前景进行了展望。     

Fate of secondary effluent dissolved organic matter during soil-aquifer treatment

The reduction of mass and trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and its fractions from secondary effluent during laboratory-scale soil-aquifer treatment (SAT) soil columns were studied. Reduction in dissolved organic carbon (DOC), absorbance of ultraviolet light at 254 nm (UV-254), biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) and nonbiodegradable dis- solved organic carbon (NBDOC) for the bulk DOM averaged 72.35%, 53.98%, 97.49% and 35.33% across the soil columns, respectively. Using XAD-8 and XAD-4 resins, DOM was fractionated into 3 fractions: hydrophobic acid (HPO-A), transphilic acid (TPI-A) and hydrophilic fraction (HPI). HPO-A was removed by 61.06%, TPI-A by 54.86% and HPI by 74.95% as DOC as a consequence of the laboratory-scale SAT, respectively. The reduction of THMFP from HPO-A, TPI-A and HPI was 27.24%, 26.24% and 36.08%, respectively. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectra revealed that the HPO-A isolated from the secondary effluent contained more aromatic functional groups than the corresponding TPI-A. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum analysis illustrated that TPI-A had decreased hydrocarbon and increased aromatics content in the SAT columns. Specific ultraviolet light absorbance (SUVA) and specific THMFP for each DOM fraction increased across the soil columns and HPI exhibited greater increase in both than HPO-A and TPI-A. The most problematic THM precursor was found to be HPO-A with its high quantity present in recharged water and high chlorine reactivity.     

奶牛颈胸段脊髓灰质细胞构筑的研究

采用8头初生公奶牛犊的颈胸段各节脊髓，研究了脊髓灰质的分层。脊髓横切片的厚度为80μm,50μm,40μm和20μm,以3mm厚的脊髓块切片前用甲苯胺蓝或焦油紫、硫堇、亚甲蓝、甲苯胺蓝混合液进行块染，使细胞体着色。部分切片用Weil氏法对髓鞘染色。研究发现奶牛颈胸段脊髓灰质分层基本上类似于猫，但在各层的范围、形态及结构方面有自己的特点。