Using 137Cs tracing technique to estimate wind erosion rates in the typical steppe region,northern Mongolian Plateau

Wind erosion is one of the major factors of land degradation in the typical steppe region, northern Mongolian Plateau. Using ^137Cs tracing technique, we estimated the wind erosion rates of different pastures and abandoned farmland at Bayannur and Karakorum in Mongolia. The pastures and cutting grassland at Bayannur were slightly eroded by wind, with the rates of 64.58-169.07 t·km^-2.a^-1. The abandoned farmland in Karakorum, however, was strongly eroded by wind, with annual surface soil loss of 4.05 mm. a^-1, and wind erosion rates up to 6723.06 t· km^-2. a^-1. The total loss of surface soil due to wind erosion has been 17.4 cm since the cultivation of the steppe land in the 1960s. The wind ero- sion rate at the abandoned farmland was much higher than that at the typical steppe sites, showing that the cultivation led to serious wind erosion in the typical steppe region, northern Mongolian Plateau. By contrast, traditional livestock grazing resulted in less disturbance to the surface soil, and did not induce to devastating wind erosion, which plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the steppe ecosystem in the northern Mongolian Plateau.     

一种复杂背景图像中文字区域提取算法

嵌入在图像中的文字信息是图像语义的一种重要表达方式,通常反映了图像的主要内容,因此,对图像中的文字区域进行提取是十分有必要的。提出一种结合颜色、边缘及连通域特征的文字区域提取算法,先提取出彩色图像的纵向边缘,再通过两次动态行列分割得到候选文字区域,最后,根据候选区域二值图中边缘及连通域特征去除非文字区域,确定最终文字区域。通过对一定数量的复杂背景图像进行实验,证明该算法效果较好。     

某综合楼加层改造设计

某3层砖混结构办公楼需拆除层1部分承重墙,改造成为大空间的办公室门厅。承重墙顶部的圈梁需加固。由于层3墙体不拆除,层2梁上部荷载较大,采用了圈梁侧做托梁、后拆墙的方案。层2墙拆除后,层2梁上部荷载较小,加固可采用临时硬撑支顶,先拆墙、在梁底加大截面的方案;为支撑托梁,对构造柱进行了处理。     

Large Scale Finite Element Modeling,Simulation and Visualization for Wind Flows in Urban Area Using Virtual Reality

A large-scale finite element modeling, simulation and visualization for wind flows are presented. The modeling method using GIS/CAD data is employed. The stabilized parallel finite element method based on SUPG/PSPG method is employed for the analysis of wind flows. The present method is applied to the simulation of wind flow and contaminant spread in urban area. The visualization based on virtual reality is employed to evaluate the mesh quality and computational results. The computed results are qualitatively in agreement with the experimental results and actual phenomena. The present method is shown to be a useful tool to simulate the wind flows in urban area.     

利用水文法分析汾河水库上游的减沙效益

以汾河水库上游的降雨、径流、输沙和水库泥沙淤积量等资料为基础,用水文法分析计算了汾河水库上游水土保持措施中的减沙效益,并对减沙效益进行了合理修正.研究表明,治理期间(1998-2004年)流域平均降水量比基准期(1958-1972年)减少4.9%,水库来水量减少38.5%,水库年平均减沙量为1005×104t.其中由于水土保持治理,年平均减沙775×104t,减沙率50.6%.     

北朝时期的佛教造像及其思想内涵

南北朝是佛教广泛传播和迅速发展的时期。在这一时期,出现了很多石窟寺、造像碑和佛教造像等。作为特定历史阶段的产物,这些石刻艺术品在一定程度上反映出当时的社会风貌。     

海岸缓冲区研究——以莱州湾东岸为例

结合莱州湾东岸晚更新世以来陆海相互作用历史与近期变化,分析了7ka尺度上的古岸线变迁及近期影响缓冲区范围的河流地貌标志、海岸侵蚀标志、咸-淡水过渡带标志以及陆-海-大气相互作用标志,对海岸缓冲区的结构与功能及缓冲区范围做了初步分析,同时阐述了设置海岸缓冲区的必要性与可行性．     

水平井技术在陕北油田的发展潜力

介绍了水平井钻井技术及其与直井和定向井相比较的优点,针对陕北油田圈闭类型多样化、油层物性差、油层厚度小的地质特点,提出水平井技术在陕北油田有着广阔的发展前景,并展望了水平井技术在陕北油田的发展方向。     

西部民族地区生态旅游可持续发展研究——以甘肃省天祝藏族自治县为例

民族地区具有得天独厚的自然生态环境和丰富的人文资源,这为生态旅游的发展创造了条件。民族地区可以以此为依托,促进生态资源的保护、利用和经济的快速发展。文章从天祝的现有资源条件出发,分析其生态旅游产业发展的优势与劣势,并在此基础上提出天祝大力发展生态旅游业,必须树立可持续发展的理念,这样既可以保护民族地区的自然、人文资源,又可以为当地居民带来经济效益。     

西藏地区计算机教学改革探讨

教育改革是随知识经济兴起而出现的一种趋势,是素质教育的核心。民族地区的教育改革是全国教育改革的重点,是提高民族地区教学质量、培育创新人才的关键。文章就如何把教育改革与西藏地区计算机教学相结合进行了探讨。