Variation of the FeMn ratio of ferromanganese crusts from the Central North Pacific: implication for paleoclimate changes

Contents of Fe, Mn and other elements in four ferromanganese crusts recovered from the central North Pacific are analyzed at high depth-resolution by electron microprobe for reconstructing factors controlling their deposition. Manganese (IV) in hydrogenetic ferromanganese crusts is mainly supplied as colloidal precipitates from the Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ), which concentrates high amounts of dissolved Mn (II). The iron is derived from carbonate dissolution and silicate particles of eolian dust. An increase in paleoproductivity during cooler climate would potentially lead to a decrease in Mn deposition due to enlargement of the OMZ which has a “temporary storage” effect for Mn. On the other hand, not affected by the OMZ, the iron entering the Fe-Mn crust would likely increase with the eolian dust input and surface productivity at glacial stages. As a result, the increasing FeMn ratio should indicate a cooling climate. This is supported by the following observations. In the profile of the past 1 Ma, the variations of FeMn ratio coincide with benthic oxygen isotope fluctuation in glacial-interglacial cycles. Three episodes with high FeMn ratios, approximately at 2.6, 1.8 and 0.8 Ma, are detected within the past 3 Ma and coincide with major climate transitions and cooling events. The secular evolution pattern of FeMn ratio in the Cenozoic is similar to the Pb isotope evolution which is mainly controlled by eolian dust and related to climate. The FeMn evolution pattern is also broadly consistent with the global deep-sea oxygen isotope records. Therefore, FeMn ratio recorded in the ferromanganese crusts may be a new proxy for climate change.     

Os isotopic compositions of a cobalt-rich ferromanganese crust profile in Central Pacific

Cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts occur throughout the global ocean on seamounts, ridges, and plateaus where currents have kept the rocks swept clean of sediments for millions of years. Crusts are important as a potential re-source for primarily cobalt, but also for titanium, nickel, REE, PGE, and other elements. Most Co-rich crusts pre-cipitate at water depths of about 1000-3000 m, and are easy to be exploited. Besides the high cobalt contents compared to abyssal Fe-Mn nodules, exploitati…     

基于多普勒的波流测量方法和系统实现

提出了基于声多普勒渡流混合测量方法，建立了相应测量方法的数学模型，并为提高波浪方向谱的反演精度设计了新型的测渡阵。利用模块化，工业化的思想设计出系统实现方案，为发射机设计了非相关和相关混合的发射测量波形，使之在较大的测量范围内能提高测量的空间分辨率。     

Suggestion of a dynamic model of North China basin-range system

It is found from preliminary studies that previous basin-range models have difficulties in explaining the formation of the Mesozoic North-China basin-range system. This work suggests a new model-"tectonic thermal erosion" model, which considers the North China basin of Late Mesozoic and its peripheral ranges as a unified system, identifies relationship between upwelling and lateral spreading of the asthenolith with horizontal movement and deformation of the upper crust in the system, clarifies the effects of underplating erosion on the crustal evolution, and tries to establish an earth-dynamic model of the North China Mesozoic basin-range supported by numerical simulation.     

论面向21世纪环北部湾地区经济协作中心的可持续发展——探讨广西区域经济发展与布局方略

广西处于环北部湾地区经济协作模式的中心,受到东南亚经济圈、大西南经济圈、华南经济圈的交互影响,是中国经济从西南部、南部进入国际市场的“跳板之地”。在２１世纪即将到来之际,利用地缘优势,跨越历史障碍,实施海洋战略,广西将实现民族经济的飞跃发展,走上区域经济可持续发展的良性增长之路。     

豫北地区城镇体系演化特征的R/S分析

运用分形理论和Ｒ／Ｓ分析方法讨论了豫北地区城镇体系的演化特征。研究区内的城市人口,产值,规模分布的分维等指标的Ｈｕｒｓｔ指数都大于０．５,但数值有差异。     

南水北调穿黄隧道的非线性分析

针对同水北调中线穿黄工程输水盾构隧道的特点,建立了连续介质力学的界面应力元模型。分析中,对双层混凝土衬切进行了精细模拟,考虑了衬砌结构与土体的相互作用。理论分析和数值计算结果表明,本文建立的计算模型精度高,适用性强,能够较好地仿真各种缝面的不连续变形特征。     

北秦岭松树沟接触变质岩的形成温度研究

本文应用氧同位素和电子探针分析方法测定了北秦岭松树沟阿尔卑斯型超镁铁岩体接触变质带内角闪岩和及其原岩秦岭群斜长角闪片岩的形成温度．角闪岩的角闪石－石榴子石Ｆｅ－Ｍｇ配分温度计给出不同期次形成温度分别是：早期８１５～８５５℃，主期７００～７７０℃．矿物对氧同位素地质测温结果得到，角闪岩的主期变质温度为７４５～７７０℃，与其电子探针结果在误差范围内一致；斜长角闪片岩为５００～６０５℃，代表了秦岭群区域变质温度     

豫北地区城市体系相关作用的分形模式

本文从城市体系的一般定义出发，导出区域城市异速增长的幂指数方程及其分形退化形式，然后以人口为变量，测出豫北地区城市相关作用的分享系数（分维），从而证实贩城市体系要素相关的分形模式。     

太平洋暖池强化通量阵海域IFA气象要素的逐月变化

根据１９９２年１１月至１９９３年２月在太平洋暖池强化通量阵海域，四艘海洋调查船同步连续观测的气象资料，统计出该海域气温、海表温、气压和风和逐月变化。