固溶热处理对一种第三代镍基单晶高温合金组织及高温持久性能的影响

研究了固溶热处理对一种Re含量为6.5%(质量分数)的第三代单晶高温合金组织及持久性能的影响,实验结果表明:合金铸态下存在明显的凝固偏析,枝晶间区域存在大量的(γ+γ′)共晶组织。固溶过程中,共晶组织在1 335℃以上开始快速溶解,但难熔元素,尤其是Re元素的偏析需要在1 360℃以上才能有明显改善;经过1 365℃固溶后疏松含量增加至0.21%(体积分数),接近铸态下疏松含量的5.2倍。铸态及经1 360℃和1 365℃固溶热处理后合金的持久性能测试结果显示:固溶热处理显著改善了合金的持久性能,且固溶温度越高,持久性能越高。在高温持久加载过程中,铸态合金的裂纹主要沿枝晶间分布,在(γ+γ′)共晶组织处萌生;当固溶温度较低时,且枝晶干处析出了较多的TCP(topologically close-packed)相,未能充分降低Re元素的偏析可能是导致枝晶干处TCP相大量析出的主要原因;当固溶温度较高时,TCP相析出量较少。     

新型定向凝固高温合金750℃抗热腐蚀性能

研究了涂有75%Na2SO4+25%NaCl盐膜的新型定向凝固镍基高温合金在750℃的热腐蚀行为,采用X射线衍射仪和带能谱的扫描电镜分析腐蚀产物相组成以及微观结构.结果表明:该合金在开始阶段腐蚀速率较大,随着腐蚀时间的延长以及合金腐蚀层厚度的增加,腐蚀速率降低.腐蚀层可分为3个区域:外层是以TiO2和Cr2O3为主相对疏松的氧化层,中间层具有保护性的是富Cr层,内层是以Al,Ti为主的氧化物以及点状分布的硫化物.合金的热腐蚀主要由氧化-硫化共存伴随着表面腐蚀物挥发形成,在此过程中腐蚀持续向合金基体推进,使得腐蚀层不断增厚.     

Isothermal oxidation behavior and mechanism of a nickel-based superalloy at 1000℃

The oxidation behavior of a nickel-based superalloy at 1000°C in air was investigated through X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, andenergy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis. A series of oxides, including external oxide scales (Cr2O3, (TiO2 + MnCr2O4)) and internal oxides (Al2O3,TiN), were formed on the surface or sub-surface of the substrate at 1000°C in experimental still air. The oxidation re-sistance of the alloy was dependent on the stability of the surface oxide layer. The continuity and density of the protective Cr2O3 scale were affected by minor alloying elements such as Ti and Mn. The outermost oxide scale was composed of TiO2 rutile and MnCr2O4 spinel, and the growth of TiO2particles was controlled by the outer diffusion of Ti ions through the pre-existing oxide layer. Severe internal oxidation oc-curred beneath the external oxide scale, consuming Al and Ti of the strength phaseγ′ (Ni3(Al,Ti)) and thereby severely deteriorating the sur-face mechanical properties. The depth of the internal oxidation region was approximately 35μm after exposure to experimental air at 1000°C for 80 h.     

GH105合金铸锭元素偏析和均匀化工艺

利用微观组织分析手段研究了GH105合金铸锭和均匀化后合金的显微组织和元素偏析情况,并从理论上对均匀化工艺进行了评价.结果表明:合金中偏析程度严重的元素为Ti和Mo;采用两段式扩散退火的均匀化工艺,可有效降低元素偏析程度;均匀化扩散动力学方程的计算结果与实验结果基本符合,在预测和评价GH105合金均匀化工艺上是可行的,但残余偏析指数模型表征均匀化过程存在一定误差.     

The Behavior of Inclusions during the Special Melting Processes of Superalloys

The behavior of nitride inclusions during the VIM, VAR and ESR processes of superalloys has been investigated. The experimental results have proved that the inclusions in the original metals, even if the pure TiN power added rapidly decompose at the superalloy liquid processing temperature and the nitrides in the remelted metals are mainly precipitated from solution during the sulidification process.     

保载条件下的第一类疲劳蠕变断裂特征图——疲劳蠕变交互作用研究之三

本文在大型熔铸涡轮疲劳蠕变第一类断裂特征图基础上,进一步研究最大应力保载对疲劳蠕变断裂行为影响及在保载条件下的第一类断裂特征图,实验结果表明断裂周次随交变应力与平均应力变化呈现与无保载相同的,“反C”型规律。与无保载相比,保载显著地降低断裂周次,使断裂曲线向低寿命区移动。保载增大蠕变作用,使疲劳机构转变成蠕变机构,扩大蠕变为主的C区,缩小疲劳为主的F区,以至于保载足够长的时间,疲劳机构消失。在断裂机构理论分析与断口观察以及宏观寿命规律基础上建立在保载条件下的第一类断裂特征图,该图提供了保载下的宏观与微观资料。本文还讨论了保载时间对断裂时间影响的规律,以至竞争模与积累模型在保载条件下的适用性。     

Interaction between crack and twins in TMS-82 superalloy during thermome chanical fatigue process

Thermomechanical fatigue behavior of a nickel base single crystal superalloy TMS-82 has been investigated.It was found that the micropores in the alloy tend to initiate large amounts of deformation twins and the crack causes many twins to occur during its propagation.It is postulated that these twins around the micropores or the crack are induced by the stress eld of the micropores or the crack tip,respectively.A thermodynamic model is adopted linking the twin formation energy with the stress eld around the crack tip,which explains the observed results with good consistency.The in uencing factors for a crack to stimulate twins around it are shown by the model,which might provide possible ways to enhance the alloy’s thermomechanical fatigue performance.     

熔铸盘疲劳蠕变交互作用第一类断裂特征图(疲劳蠕变交互作用之二)

本文目的是建立大型熔铸涡轮盘的疲劳蠕变交互作用下的第一类断裂特征图,为此先测定了恒最大应力下的高温疲劳蠕变断裂寿命曲线,称为FC—N_f曲线,它们既不同于纯疲劳的S—N曲线,又不同于纯蠕变断裂曲线,而是二者的综合。根据寿命对应力的不同依赖关系可以把曲线分成F、C与FC三区。根据断裂机构的理论分析与断口观察,又存在着五个不同断裂机构区。在宏观与微观分析相结合的基础上建立了第一类断裂特征图。它提供了关于断裂机构与寿命资料。据此讨论交互作用的几种特征。采用竞争模型与积累模型可以表示疲劳蠕变交互作用的本质。     

应力梯形波加载下的循环蠕变曲线函数

为了确定循环蠕变应变与有载时间的函数关系式,通过对高温合金蠕变试验曲线的分析,发现静蠕变寿命分数曲线遵循与加载应力的大小无关,与循环蠕变寿命分数曲线基本重合的规律,这规律显示了材料本身的蠕变特性。由这规律导出了静蠕变应变与循环蠕变应变之间的关系式,找到了由静蠕变函数确定循环蠕变函数的方法,该方法得到了DZ417G高温合金钢在870oC、梯形应力波加载下蠕变实验数据的支持。     

GH36合金持久缺口敏感性与蠕变和疲劳及其交互作用下的裂纹扩展速率

研究了GH36合金持久缺口敏感性对裂纹扩展速率的影响。结果表明:通过软化的热处理制度来改善材料的持久塑性达到消除持久缺口敏感性的目的,对在蠕变或以蠕变为主的应力条件下延缓裂纹的扩展具有重要意义;而在低周疲劳或以疲劳为主的应力条件下,裂纹扩展速率对强度敏感,而与材料是否存在持久缺口敏感性无关;提高强度可显著提高材料的抗低周疲劳裂纹扩展能力。为使材料在蠕变、疲劳以及蠕变疲劳交互作用下都只有高的抗裂纹扩展能力,应对材料进行强韧化。