超临界乙醇制备TiO2/石墨烯纳米复合材料及其表征

以氧化石墨为载体、钛酸异丙酯为前驱体,利用超临界乙醇的超临界性能和还原性,制得了晶型完善的锐钛矿TiO2/石墨烯纳米复合材料.通过红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对采用Hummers法制得的氧化石墨（GO）进行表征;同时利用透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）对TiO2/石墨烯纳米复合材料进行研究.结果表明：成功制得了氧化石墨（GO）和晶型完善的锐钛矿TiO2/石墨烯纳米复合材料,并且发现二氧化钛在石墨烯纳米片层上呈现为有规则的颗粒,分散均匀,平均粒径为8.24 nm.     

Functionalized graphene oxide based on p-phenylenediamine as spacers and nitrogen dopants for high performance supercapacitors

p-Phenylenediamine （PPD） functionalized graphene oxide （GO） materials （PPDG） were prepared through a one-step solvothermal process and their appli-cation as supercapacitors （SCs） were studied. The PPD is not only as the spacers to prevent aggregating and re-stacking of the graphene sheets in the preparing process but also as nitrogen sources to obtain the nitrogen-doped graphene. The structures of PPDG were characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy （XRD）, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and the results show that the nitrogen-doped graphene was achieved with nitrogen content as high as 10.85 at.%. The field emission scanning electron microscopy （FE-SEM） and high resolu-tion transmission electron microscopy （HR-TEM） have confirmed that the morphologies of PPDG were looselayered with less aggregation, indicating that PPD mole-cules, as spacers, effectively prevent the graphene sheets from restacking during the solvothermal reaction. The special loose textures make PPDG materials exhibit excellent electrochemical performance for symmetric SCs with superior specific capacitance （313 F/g at 0.1 A/g）, rate capability and cycling stability. The present synthesis method is convenient and may have potential applications as ultrahigh performance SCs.     

Heteroatom-doped graphene for electrochemical energy storage

The increasing energy consumption and envi- ronmental concerns due to burning fossil fuel are key drivers for the development of effective energy storage systems based on innovative materials. Among these materials, graphene has emerged as one of the most promising due to its chemical, electrical, and mechanical properties. Heteroatom doping has been proven as an effective way to tailor the properties of graphene and render its potential use for energy storage devices. In this view, we review the recent developments in the synthesis and applications of heteroatom-doped graphene in supercapacitors and lithium ion batteries.     

石墨纤维表面与孔隙的结构表征及分形性质分析

 
为了研究和分析石墨纤维表面与孔隙的结构和分形性质,采用场发射扫描电子显微镜、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪、全自动物理吸附分析仪对其进行测试与表征.研究结果表明：石墨纤维以圆柱状存在,直径约为12～18μm,表面较光滑,缺陷较少,有利于气体吸附;石墨纤维碳的质量分数约为95.86%,还含有少量的N、H、O、S和微量的Ca、Fe、Mg、Si、Al等元素,生产过程中留下的孔道不多;石墨纤维的比表面积较大,其微孔体积占总孔体积的97.98%,平均孔径在微孔区域,且孔径分布较窄,包含大量0.84nm左右和少量1.21nm左右的微孔,较丰富的微孔结构使其具有良好的吸附性能;石墨纤维的表面与孔隙具有较好的分形特性,分形维数分别为2.11和2.99,是一种有工业前景的吸附材料.     

新型M357碳-石墨抗磨材料的性能及应用

介绍了M357碳-石墨抗磨材料的主要性能,分析了其在印染工业和轻纺设备方面的应用,实践证明,M357碳-石墨抗磨材料具有机械强度高、自润滑性好,摩擦系数低,热膨胀系数小,耐蚀抗磨等特点,是目前使用于轻纺机械中较理想的轴承和密封材料。     

扇形内翅片石墨管层流强化传热性能

利用数值模拟方法对一种高黏度的油类介质在6种不同布置交错角度(0°,30°,45°,60°,75°,90°)的扇形内翅片石墨换热管中层流的强化传热和流动规律进行了研究.结果表明,扇形内翅片的强化换热效果明显.与无翅片的石墨换热管相比,6种布置角度的扇形内翅片对流换热系数分别增大22.69%,42.49%,62.28%,63.44%,65.47%,66.47%.就流动性能而言,扇形内翅片的石墨管6种布置角度下的阻力分别增大了191.88%,252.01%,333.10%,364.33%,385.51%,400.43%.为了明确石墨管内添加扇形内翅片后的强化传热效应,采用了换热性能评价指标(PEC)对6种布置角度进行了评价研究,结果显示45°布置角度时PEC评价准则数的平均值达到最大,为1.265,说明布置角度为45°时强化换热效果最理想.     

真空赶酸系统在检测食品重金属含量中的应用

为提高样品的消化效率,在测定重金属含量时,探讨能否用高效快速的真空赶酸法来替代普通赶酸法. 取7种具有代表性的样品,每类样品均取3份用石墨炉原子吸收法测定铅、镉、铜、铬和镍等5种元素的含量,分别用普通赶酸仪和真空赶酸仪赶酸.普通赶酸法和真空赶酸法所测得的结果无显著性差异,真空赶酸法处理的样品其精密度和准确度均在规定范围内.较普通赶酸法,真空赶酸法能够有效的缩短样品消化时间,精密度和准确度均能达到满意的效果,在重金属检测中能够用真空赶酸法替代普通赶酸法.     

石墨渗铜喉衬材料的抗热震性能与烧蚀微观结构研究

对粗粒级高强石墨加压渗铜制备的石墨渗铜喉衬材料的微观结构与抗热震性能的关系进行了研究,结果表明渗铜提高了原石墨的导热系数及整体增韧的综合效果。对热试车后的石墨渗铜喉衬进行烧蚀微观结构及能谱分析研究,得到了铜的分布情况与烧蚀性能的关系。     

金刚石和石墨的价电子结构与硬度的关系

根据余氏“固体与分子经验电子理论”,应用键距差方法,对工业中广泛应用的金刚石和石墨的价电子结构进行计算和分析,计算结果较好地解释了金刚石的本质高硬度和石墨的本质低硬度。     

平台石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定肉类中铅：应用超低温制悬浮浊液与基 …

本文提出了一种简便、快速测定肉类中铅的方法,采用不经常规消化,以液氮低温处理样品,加基体改进剂（０．８％ＮＨ４Ｈ２ＰＯ４－０．５％抗坏血酸－－０．５％Ｔｗｅｅｎ８０）后制成均匀、稳定的悬乳浊液直接进样,并在自制的石墨炉平台中进行测定。有效地提高了灰化温度和原子化效率,消除了背景干扰。回收率在９７．３－１０５．７％之间,相对标准偏差≤７．４％,与国家标准方法以很好相符。