Comparison of diurnal and nocturnal rates of 5-hydroxytryptamine turnover in the rat mediobasal hypothalamus

Summary Rates of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) turnover in the mediobasal hypothalamus of male rats were estimated using pharmacological methods during the daytime and at night. Concentrations of 5-HT in this hypothalamic area were higher nocturnally than diurnally; this was apparently due to increased 5-HT synthesis and decreased 5-HT catabolism at night.Supported by NIH grant RR07187 (TSK) and NIH grant HD10202 (Neuroendocrine Core).     

Proton and potassium fluxes in rat red blood cells incubated with sugar phosphates

Summary Fructose-1,6-diphosphate counteracts potassium ejection and proton uptake induced in rat red blood cells by valinomycin and an uncoupler. The effect on potassium ejection is reduced in the presence of ouabain and divalent cations.     

Fetal rat brain hemisphere tissue in nonadherent stationary organ culture

Summary A simple organ culture system for brain tissue is described. Fragments of fetal rat brain hemisphere tissue are explanted to multiwell dishes base-coated with semisolid agar. In this system nonadherent organ culture can be performed for at least 50 days. Cell migration, biochemical and morphological differentiation and the formation of a layered architecture seem to mimic some of the phenomena occurring in the developing rat brain in vivo. The fragments may therefore be a useful organ culture model for nervous tissue.     

Interaction of BW755C,a potent inhibitor of lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase,with mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase

Summary The interaction between BW755C (3-amino-1-[m-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-pyrazoline), a potent inhibitor of both lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase, and respiratory chain in mitochondria and electron transport particles (ETP) from rat livers was examined. BW755C accelerated the oxygen uptake by mitochondria without the addition of substrate for the respiratory chain. Spectrophotometric study revealed that BW755C was quickly oxidized by cytochrome oxidase in mitochondria to a compound possessing an absorption maximum at 524 nm. p-Phenylenediamine (p-diaminobenzene, PPDA), which, like BW755C, serves as an electron donor to cytoschrome oxidase, was shown to inhibit the generation of active oxygen in macrophages; the inhibition was stronger than that of BW755C. These results strongly suggest that the oxidative conversion of BW755C by mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase is associated with its potentially inhibitory action on the active oxygen-generating system in phagocytes.The authors are indebted to Dr M. Hori, Gifu College of Pharmacy and to Dr Y. Orii, Kyoto University for their kind supplies of BW755C and pure cytochrome oxidase, respectively.     

大鼠再生肝8种细胞的嘌呤核苷酸代谢基因转录谱预示的代谢活动

为了解大鼠肝再生中肝细胞、胆管上皮细胞、卵圆细胞、星形细胞、窦内皮细胞、库普弗细胞、陷窝细胞、树突状细胞等8种肝脏细胞的嘌呤核苷酸代谢基因转录谱及预示的代谢活动,按张丽君[1]等方法分离大鼠部分肝切除后10个恢复时间点大鼠再生肝的上述8种细胞,用RatGenome2302.0芯片等检测嘌呤核苷酸代谢基因在上述细胞中表达变化,用Excel等软件及生物信息学和系统生物学等方法分析它们的表达模式、预示的生理活动等.结果表明,85个嘌呤核苷酸代谢基因在大鼠肝再生中发生了有意义表达变化,8种细胞的相应基因数为40,43,30,42,22,26,36和48.上调、下调、上/下调的基因个数为49、11、31,相应细胞的基因数为27、20和1,31、4和1,15、7和3,12、10和0,23、15和3,19、7和2,39、3和1,33、6和0.其中,催化DNA合成的DNA聚合酶基因和催化RNA合成的RNA聚合酶基因在肝再生的多个时间点和多种细胞中表达增强,胆管上皮细胞和星形细胞的腺苷酸合成相关基因表达增强.肝细胞、卵圆细胞和星形细胞的核苷酸分解相关基因、肝细胞、星形细胞和树突状细胞的嘌呤核苷分解相关基因表达减弱.预示大鼠肝再生与嘌呤核苷酸代谢密切相关.     

润肺口服液对慢性支气管炎大鼠支气管TNF-α,ICAM-1蛋白及IL-8表达影响的研究

目的 研究中药复方润肺口服液对慢性支气管炎(Chronic bronchitis,CB)支气管TNF-α,ICAM-1蛋白及IL-8表达的影响,探讨其治疗CB的疗效机制.方法 雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术组、慢性支气管炎组及慢性支气管炎 润肺口服液治疗组,每组8只.大鼠慢性支气管炎模型通过熏香烟加气管内注入低剂量脂多糖制成,利用免疫组织化学观察各组大鼠支气管TNF-a,ICAM-1蛋白及IL-8的表达情况.结果 熏香烟加气管内低剂量脂多糖注射可复制出较理想的慢性支气管炎模型,假手术组支气管上皮内可见TNF-α,ICAM-1蛋白及IL-8弱阳性表达;慢性支气管炎组支气管TNF-α,ICAM-1蛋白及IL-8在支气管上皮细胞、支气管周围的淋巴滤泡炎性细胞和肺泡间质细胞中可见强阳性表达;半定量图像分析显示,慢性支气管炎组TNF-α,ICAM-1蛋白及IL-8的表达明显强于假手术组(P＜0.05),慢性支气管炎加润肺口服液治疗组的表达则明显弱于支气管炎组(P＜0.05).结论 润肺口服液通过下调支气管上皮细胞中TNF-α,ICAM-1蛋白及IL-8的表达,从而减轻气道炎症反应是其治疗慢性支气管炎的部分机制.     

大剂量和小剂量高效氟吡甲禾灵原药90d喂养对大鼠的毒性实验研究

目的：观察经口暴露大剂量和小剂量高效氟吡甲禾灵90d后大鼠血液、尿液、脏器重、生化指标及病理组织学的变化.方法：依据GB15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》对其分别进行了为期90 d的毒性实验.结果：大剂量暴露组28 mg/kg以上剂量时雄、雌性大鼠周平均体重从第2周开始至实验结束均明显低于对照组（p＜0.05,p＜0.01）,小剂量暴露各剂量组各时间段与对照组比较基本无差异.大剂量暴露组28 mg/kg以上剂量组雄、雌性大鼠的食物消耗量明显低于对照组（p＜0.05）.雄性大鼠在大剂量喂食高效氟吡甲禾灵原药90d后,白细胞（wbc）、红细胞（rbc）、血红蛋白（hb）水平都随剂量增加有下降;而小剂量喂食高效氟吡甲禾灵原药90 d后,仅rbc和hb与对照组比较有显著差异（p＜0.05）;雌性大鼠在大剂量喂食高效氟吡甲禾灵原药90d后,wbc水平呈下降趋势,各组与对照组比较均有差异（p ＜0.05,p＜0.01）,各剂量组rbc及hb水平与对照组比较无显著差异;而小剂量喂食高效氟吡甲禾灵原药90d后,各剂量组wbc与对照组比较差异还是具有显著性的（p＜0.05）,hb在剂量达到1.78 mg/kg时,与对照组比较有显著差异（P＜0.05）,但各剂量组rbc水平与对照组比较无差异.雄性大鼠在大剂量喂食高效氟吡甲禾灵原药90d后,各剂量组血清ALT水平显著升高（p ＜0.05,p＜0.01）,各剂量组血清ALP、TBIL、CHE与对照组比较显著升高（p＜0.05）,而TP、TG呈下降趋势,各剂量组TP与对照组比较差异具有显著性（P＜0.05,P ＜0.01）;小剂量喂食高效氟吡甲禾灵原药90 d后,ALT、AST基本无变化,与大剂量暴露一样,ALP、CHE随剂量增高指标有所增高,TBIL、TP（p＜0.05）,TG的变化与大剂量暴露相似,也呈下降趋势.有意思的是,在小剂量暴露后雄性大鼠血糖,胆固醇呈下降趋势（P＜0.05）,大剂量暴露时GLU、CHOL指标则无此变化.雌性大鼠在大剂量喂食高效氟吡甲禾灵原药90 d后,各剂量组ALT、AST、ALP与对照组比较均有升高（p ＜0.05,p＜0.01）,有一定的剂量效应关系.各剂量组血清ALB（p＜0.01）、TP（p ＜0.05,p＜0.01）与对照组比较有显著下降,肾功能中BUN（p ＜0.01）、CREA（p ＜0.05）与对照比较呈下降,且有剂量效应关系,大剂量喂食高效氟吡甲禾灵原药90d后各剂量组极显著地影响了CHOL、TG水平（P＜0.01）;小剂量喂食高效氟吡甲禾灵原药90d后,各剂量组血糖水平显著下降（P＜0.05）,显著降低了血CHOL和TG水平,其中血TG水平下降迭显著差异（p＜0.05）.结论：大剂量暴露和小剂量暴露产生了不同的毒性效应,98％高效氟吡甲禾灵原药对雄性大鼠经口染毒剂量为1.78 mg/kg·bw·d、雌性大鼠经口染毒剂量为7 mg/kg·bw·d以上时,对大鼠有毒性效应,雄性大鼠靶器官是睾丸.对雄性大鼠经口染毒剂量为0.18 mg/kg·bw·d、雌性大鼠经口染毒剂量为1.78 mg/kg·bw ·d以下时,对大鼠无毒性效应.     

肾草酸钙结石大鼠肾组织中Claudin-14的表达变化及意义

为构建大鼠肾草酸钙结石模型,从基因和蛋白水平初步探讨紧密连接蛋白-14(Claudin-14)在肾草酸钙结石大鼠肾组织中的表达变化及意义。采用30只雄性S-D大鼠随机分为对照组(n=15)和结石组(n=15),采用乙二醇和氯化铵灌胃诱导制作大鼠肾草酸钙结石模型。分别采用RT-PCR检测Claudin-14 mRNA表达;Western-Blotting检测Claudin-14蛋白表达;全自动生化分析仪检测各组大鼠24 h尿钙排泄。结果显示:光镜下结石组有大量结石结晶形成,且24h尿钙较对照组显著升高(P0.01),Claudin-14 mRNA表达较对照组显著升高(P0.01);Claudin-14蛋白在结石组高表达,在对照组未见表达;相关性分析发现结石组Claudin-14蛋白表达与24 h尿钙排泄呈显著正相关。由此可知,Claudin-14在肾草酸钙结石大鼠肾组织中高表达,可能是肾小管内尿钙增高,结石形成的机制之一。     

极化液对大鼠不同血糖浓度下心肌缺血再灌注的影响

目的:探讨不同血糖浓度下大鼠心肌缺血再灌注(MI/R)心肌损伤的程度及明确极化液(GIK)对高血糖心肌MI/R的保护作用.方法:将12只健康SD大鼠,随机分为4组,每组3只,即对照组、GIK组、高血糖组、GIK+高血糖组.每组大鼠结扎左冠状动脉前降支30 min,再灌注120 min.采用氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)染色法检测大鼠缺血再灌注心肌的心肌梗死面积.动态观察Ⅱ导联心电图QRS波、T波、ST段和心率变化.结果:TTC染色显示每组大鼠心肌都有梗死,心肌梗死面积高血糖组>GIK+高血糖组>对照组>GIK组;心电图显示高血糖大鼠心肌缺血期ST段明显抬高,再灌注后实验动物出现心律失常.GIK对正常血糖大鼠MI/R具有明显保护作用.结论:GIK对高血糖大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤保护作用有限,而对正常血糖大鼠MI/R损伤有较好的保护作用.